Class 12 Chemistry - Quick Revision Notes
Chapter: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Class 12 Chemistry - Quick Revision Notes
Chapter: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
1. Introduction
- Haloalkanes: Organic compounds containing halogen(s) attached to saturated carbon atoms.
- Haloarenes: Organic compounds containing halogen(s) attached to aromatic rings.
2. Nomenclature
IUPAC Rules:
- Haloalkanes: Halogen as prefix + parent hydrocarbon name (e.g., CH3CH2Cl -> Chloroethane)
- Haloarenes: Halogen as prefix + arene name (e.g., C6H5Cl -> Chlorobenzene)
Common Names:
- Replace hydrogen of hydrocarbon by halogen + "ide" (e.g., methyl chloride, ethyl bromide)
3. Classification
- Primary (1°): Halogen attached to 1° carbon
- Secondary (2°): Halogen attached to 2° carbon
- Tertiary (3°): Halogen attached to 3° carbon
4. Methods of Preparation
Haloalkanes:
1. From alcohols: R-OH + HX -> R-X + H2O
2. From alkenes: Addition of HX
3. Free radical halogenation of alkanes
Haloarenes:
1. Direct halogenation of benzene (with FeX3)
2. Sandmeyer reaction
Chapter: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Class 12 Chemistry - Quick Revision Notes
Chapter: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
1. Introduction
- Haloalkanes: Organic compounds containing halogen(s) attached to saturated carbon atoms.
- Haloarenes: Organic compounds containing halogen(s) attached to aromatic rings.
2. Nomenclature
IUPAC Rules:
- Haloalkanes: Halogen as prefix + parent hydrocarbon name (e.g., CH3CH2Cl -> Chloroethane)
- Haloarenes: Halogen as prefix + arene name (e.g., C6H5Cl -> Chlorobenzene)
Common Names:
- Replace hydrogen of hydrocarbon by halogen + "ide" (e.g., methyl chloride, ethyl bromide)
3. Classification
- Primary (1°): Halogen attached to 1° carbon
- Secondary (2°): Halogen attached to 2° carbon
- Tertiary (3°): Halogen attached to 3° carbon
4. Methods of Preparation
Haloalkanes:
1. From alcohols: R-OH + HX -> R-X + H2O
2. From alkenes: Addition of HX
3. Free radical halogenation of alkanes
Haloarenes:
1. Direct halogenation of benzene (with FeX3)
2. Sandmeyer reaction
