NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for
the Nurse Educator EXAM 2025/2026 ACTUAL COMPLETE
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ELABORATED
&DETAILED ANSWERS /VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |2025
EXAM!!
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) - ANSWER-a severe
respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory
failure; a lung disorder characterized by increased pulmonary
resistance and caused by Cystic fibrosis (CF) which is a
surfactant deficiency.
The safest laxative for chronic use is - ANSWER-
methylcellulose (Citrucel,
Metamucil)
Octreotide - ANSWER-is a potent vasoconstrictor used in
treating acute GI
bleeds
Anti-emetic agents - ANSWER-antihistamines, phenothiazines
(e.g.
,prochlorperazine), 5HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g.,
ondansetron[Zofran], granisetron).
Ondansetron (Zofran) - ANSWER-Antiemetic; can cause
constipation,
headache, heart conduction irregularities
(prolonged QT interval).
5HT3 receptor antagonists - ANSWER-inhibit serotonin
receptors inside the
chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and also inhibit serotonin
receptors on vagal
nerve terminals; these pharmacologic actions reduce
nausea and vomiting.
H2RAs - ANSWER-cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine
(Zantac), famotidine
(Pepcid), nizatidine
(Axid)
Lactulose - ANSWER-is used in hepatic encephalopathy; works
by ion trapping
of
ammonia.
,Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) - ANSWER-esomeprazole
(Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec),
pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Heart patients taking clopidogrel (Plavix) - ANSWER-should
avoid omeprazole;
it blocks enzymatic conversion of clopidogrel to its
active metabolite.
Clopidogrel - ANSWER-does not interact with pantoprazole,
rabeprazole or
lansoprazole
Overuse of PPIs - ANSWER-can result in Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI)
Adverse effects of opioid analgesic agents - ANSWER-
include constipation,
addiction, overdose, sedation, and impaired
daily functioning
Docusate - ANSWER-a stool softener, is the preferred laxative
for managing
opioid-induced
constipation (OIC)
, Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) - ANSWER-is
an autoimmune
disorder of the small intestine in which the affected patient
cannot absorb
certain cereal
proteins
The Dumping Syndrome (rapid gastric emptying) - ANSWER-
can occur after a
partial gastrectomy and has symptoms of rapid pulse,
hypotension, pallor,
weakness, sweating and
faintness
Dumping Syndrome - ANSWER-can cause a high osmotic
gradient in the small
intestine, resulting in a rapid movement of fluid from blood
vessels into the
intestinal
lumen
The liver - ANSWER-is the one internal organ that can
regrow back to its
the Nurse Educator EXAM 2025/2026 ACTUAL COMPLETE
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ELABORATED
&DETAILED ANSWERS /VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |2025
EXAM!!
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) - ANSWER-a severe
respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory
failure; a lung disorder characterized by increased pulmonary
resistance and caused by Cystic fibrosis (CF) which is a
surfactant deficiency.
The safest laxative for chronic use is - ANSWER-
methylcellulose (Citrucel,
Metamucil)
Octreotide - ANSWER-is a potent vasoconstrictor used in
treating acute GI
bleeds
Anti-emetic agents - ANSWER-antihistamines, phenothiazines
(e.g.
,prochlorperazine), 5HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g.,
ondansetron[Zofran], granisetron).
Ondansetron (Zofran) - ANSWER-Antiemetic; can cause
constipation,
headache, heart conduction irregularities
(prolonged QT interval).
5HT3 receptor antagonists - ANSWER-inhibit serotonin
receptors inside the
chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and also inhibit serotonin
receptors on vagal
nerve terminals; these pharmacologic actions reduce
nausea and vomiting.
H2RAs - ANSWER-cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine
(Zantac), famotidine
(Pepcid), nizatidine
(Axid)
Lactulose - ANSWER-is used in hepatic encephalopathy; works
by ion trapping
of
ammonia.
,Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) - ANSWER-esomeprazole
(Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec),
pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Heart patients taking clopidogrel (Plavix) - ANSWER-should
avoid omeprazole;
it blocks enzymatic conversion of clopidogrel to its
active metabolite.
Clopidogrel - ANSWER-does not interact with pantoprazole,
rabeprazole or
lansoprazole
Overuse of PPIs - ANSWER-can result in Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI)
Adverse effects of opioid analgesic agents - ANSWER-
include constipation,
addiction, overdose, sedation, and impaired
daily functioning
Docusate - ANSWER-a stool softener, is the preferred laxative
for managing
opioid-induced
constipation (OIC)
, Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) - ANSWER-is
an autoimmune
disorder of the small intestine in which the affected patient
cannot absorb
certain cereal
proteins
The Dumping Syndrome (rapid gastric emptying) - ANSWER-
can occur after a
partial gastrectomy and has symptoms of rapid pulse,
hypotension, pallor,
weakness, sweating and
faintness
Dumping Syndrome - ANSWER-can cause a high osmotic
gradient in the small
intestine, resulting in a rapid movement of fluid from blood
vessels into the
intestinal
lumen
The liver - ANSWER-is the one internal organ that can
regrow back to its
