Page 1 of 23
NURS 6512 FINAL EXAM REVIEW PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS NEW
UPGRADED EXAM TESTED AND APPROVED!!!
Types of Shortness of Breath -- ANSWER--Orthopnea - Difficulty Breathing
While Lying Down
Platypnea - Shortness of breath is relieved when lying down or worsens when
standing up
Tachypnea - Faster than 20 breaths per minute
Bradypnea - Slower than 12 breaths per minute
Cocaine Use Findings in Heart and Lungs -- ANSWER--Severe, acute chest
pain.
Tachycardia, HTN, Coronary Aterial Spasm (with Infarction), and
pneumothorax (lung collapse), with severe acute chest pain being the common
result.
ECG -- ANSWER--Records 2 basic events: depolarization, which is the spread
of a stimulus through the heart muscle, and the repolarization, which is the
return of the stimulated heart muscle to a resting state.
P Wave-spread of a stimulus through the atria (atrial depolarization)
PR interval-time from initial stimulation of the atria to initial stimulation of the
ventricles usually 0.12-0.20 second
, Page 2 of 23
QRS complex-the spread of a stimulus through the ventricles (ventricular
depolarization), less than 0.12 second
ST segment and T wave-the return of stimulated ventricular muscle to a resting
state (ventricular repolarization)
U wave-a small deflection rarely seen just after the T wave, thought to be
related to repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. They are commonly seen with
bradycardia. This is also seen sometimes with electrolyte abnormalities,
hypothermia, and hypothyroidism.
QT interval-the time elapsed from the onset of ventricular depolarization until
the completion of ventricular repolarization. The interval varies with the cardiac
rate.
Arterial Blood Flow in Infants -- ANSWER--Blood flows from the R atrium to
the L atrium via the foramen ovale. The R ventricle pumps blood through the
patent ductus arteriosus rather thatn into the lungs. The R and L ventricles are
equal in weight and muscle mass because they both pump blood into the
systemic circulation. Chages at birth include closure of the ductus arteriosus,
usually within 24-48 hours, and the functional closure of the interatrial foramen
ovale as pressure rises in the left atrium. Failure to close is more common in
premature infants born before 30 weeks.
Chest and Lungs Physical Examination Components -- ANSWER--Inspect the
chest: size/shape, symmetry, color, superficial venous patters, prominence of
ribs.
Evaluate respirations for: rate, rhythm or pattern.
, Page 3 of 23
Inspect chest movement with breathing for symmetry and use of accessory
muscles.
Note any audible sounds with respiration (stridor, wheezes etc)
Palpate the chest for: thoracic expansion, sensations such as crepitus, grating
vibrations, tactile fremitus.
Perform direct or indirect percussion on the chest, comparing sides for:
diaphragmatic excursion, percussion tone intensity, pitch, duration, and quality.
Auscultate the chest with the stethoscope diaphragm, from apex to base,
comparing sides for: intensity, pitch, duration, and quality of breath sounds,
unexpected breath sounds (crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, friction rubs), vocal
resonance.
Examination Findings of a child with Kawasaki disease -- ANSWER--Fever,
Conjunctival Injection, Strawberry Tongue, and Edema of the Hands and Feet.
Lymphadenopathy and Polymorphous Nonvesicular Rashes.
Peripheral Edema -- ANSWER--Grading:
1+ Slight Pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly.
2+ A Somewhat Deeper Pit than in 12+, but again no readily detectable
distortion, disappears in 10-15 seconds.
3+ Noticeably Deep Pit that may last more than a minute; dependent extremity
looks fuller and swollen.
NURS 6512 FINAL EXAM REVIEW PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS NEW
UPGRADED EXAM TESTED AND APPROVED!!!
Types of Shortness of Breath -- ANSWER--Orthopnea - Difficulty Breathing
While Lying Down
Platypnea - Shortness of breath is relieved when lying down or worsens when
standing up
Tachypnea - Faster than 20 breaths per minute
Bradypnea - Slower than 12 breaths per minute
Cocaine Use Findings in Heart and Lungs -- ANSWER--Severe, acute chest
pain.
Tachycardia, HTN, Coronary Aterial Spasm (with Infarction), and
pneumothorax (lung collapse), with severe acute chest pain being the common
result.
ECG -- ANSWER--Records 2 basic events: depolarization, which is the spread
of a stimulus through the heart muscle, and the repolarization, which is the
return of the stimulated heart muscle to a resting state.
P Wave-spread of a stimulus through the atria (atrial depolarization)
PR interval-time from initial stimulation of the atria to initial stimulation of the
ventricles usually 0.12-0.20 second
, Page 2 of 23
QRS complex-the spread of a stimulus through the ventricles (ventricular
depolarization), less than 0.12 second
ST segment and T wave-the return of stimulated ventricular muscle to a resting
state (ventricular repolarization)
U wave-a small deflection rarely seen just after the T wave, thought to be
related to repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. They are commonly seen with
bradycardia. This is also seen sometimes with electrolyte abnormalities,
hypothermia, and hypothyroidism.
QT interval-the time elapsed from the onset of ventricular depolarization until
the completion of ventricular repolarization. The interval varies with the cardiac
rate.
Arterial Blood Flow in Infants -- ANSWER--Blood flows from the R atrium to
the L atrium via the foramen ovale. The R ventricle pumps blood through the
patent ductus arteriosus rather thatn into the lungs. The R and L ventricles are
equal in weight and muscle mass because they both pump blood into the
systemic circulation. Chages at birth include closure of the ductus arteriosus,
usually within 24-48 hours, and the functional closure of the interatrial foramen
ovale as pressure rises in the left atrium. Failure to close is more common in
premature infants born before 30 weeks.
Chest and Lungs Physical Examination Components -- ANSWER--Inspect the
chest: size/shape, symmetry, color, superficial venous patters, prominence of
ribs.
Evaluate respirations for: rate, rhythm or pattern.
, Page 3 of 23
Inspect chest movement with breathing for symmetry and use of accessory
muscles.
Note any audible sounds with respiration (stridor, wheezes etc)
Palpate the chest for: thoracic expansion, sensations such as crepitus, grating
vibrations, tactile fremitus.
Perform direct or indirect percussion on the chest, comparing sides for:
diaphragmatic excursion, percussion tone intensity, pitch, duration, and quality.
Auscultate the chest with the stethoscope diaphragm, from apex to base,
comparing sides for: intensity, pitch, duration, and quality of breath sounds,
unexpected breath sounds (crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, friction rubs), vocal
resonance.
Examination Findings of a child with Kawasaki disease -- ANSWER--Fever,
Conjunctival Injection, Strawberry Tongue, and Edema of the Hands and Feet.
Lymphadenopathy and Polymorphous Nonvesicular Rashes.
Peripheral Edema -- ANSWER--Grading:
1+ Slight Pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly.
2+ A Somewhat Deeper Pit than in 12+, but again no readily detectable
distortion, disappears in 10-15 seconds.
3+ Noticeably Deep Pit that may last more than a minute; dependent extremity
looks fuller and swollen.
