Unit 3 AOS2 – MEMORY
● the explanatory power of the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory in the encoding,
storage, and retrieval of stored information in sensory, short-term, and long-term memory stores
MEMORY: the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information that has been previously encountered
Atkinson-Shiffrin multi- store model of memory: a model of memory which outlines the three separate stores of
memory (sensory, short-term, and long-term) each of which interact through the processes of encoding, storage, and
retrieval
An overview of the processes involved in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory
1. All incoming information enters sensory memory; a store of memory which very briefly stores raw
information detected by the senses. If this sensory information is attended to, then it is converted into
a useable form and transferred to short-term memory.
2. Short-term memory (STM) is a store of memory that temporarily stores a limited amount of information
that is consciously being attended to and actively manipulated. Rehearsal is a controlled process which
involves consciously repeating or manipulating information in STM. Rehearsal can increase the likelihood
of information being encoded (transferred) into long-term memory.
3. Encoding is the process of converting information into a useable form which can be manipulated and
stored in the brain. Information from STM is encoded into long-term memory (LTM), which is a store of
memory in which a potentially unlimited amount of information is stored for a relatively permanent
amount of time. Therefore, LTM is the memory store in which relatively permanent storage occurs, which
refers to the retention of information over time.
4. Information stored in LTM can also be retrieved. Retrieval is the process of accessing information that
has been stored in long-term memory and bringing it into our conscious awareness in short-term
memory.
, SENSORY MEMORY: a store of memory which very briefly stores raw information detected by the senses
● the faces of your classmates directly after looking at them
● the sound of a bird chirping outside just after you hear it
● the tag of your clothing that you might feel rubbing against your skin
● the scent of your deodorant when you spray it
● the taste of your food when you are eating lunch.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY(STM): a store of memory that temporarily stores a limited amount of information that is
consciously being attended to and actively manipulated
REHEARSAL: a controlled process which involves consciously repeating or manipulating information in short-term
memory
ENCODING: the process of converting information into a useable form which can be manipulated and stored in LTM
STORAGE: the retention of information over time
RETRIEVAL: process of accessing information, that has been stored in long-term memory, and bringing it into our
conscious awareness in short-term memory
LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM): a store of memory in which a potentially unlimited amount of information is stored for a
relatively permanent amount of time
● the explanatory power of the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory in the encoding,
storage, and retrieval of stored information in sensory, short-term, and long-term memory stores
MEMORY: the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information that has been previously encountered
Atkinson-Shiffrin multi- store model of memory: a model of memory which outlines the three separate stores of
memory (sensory, short-term, and long-term) each of which interact through the processes of encoding, storage, and
retrieval
An overview of the processes involved in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory
1. All incoming information enters sensory memory; a store of memory which very briefly stores raw
information detected by the senses. If this sensory information is attended to, then it is converted into
a useable form and transferred to short-term memory.
2. Short-term memory (STM) is a store of memory that temporarily stores a limited amount of information
that is consciously being attended to and actively manipulated. Rehearsal is a controlled process which
involves consciously repeating or manipulating information in STM. Rehearsal can increase the likelihood
of information being encoded (transferred) into long-term memory.
3. Encoding is the process of converting information into a useable form which can be manipulated and
stored in the brain. Information from STM is encoded into long-term memory (LTM), which is a store of
memory in which a potentially unlimited amount of information is stored for a relatively permanent
amount of time. Therefore, LTM is the memory store in which relatively permanent storage occurs, which
refers to the retention of information over time.
4. Information stored in LTM can also be retrieved. Retrieval is the process of accessing information that
has been stored in long-term memory and bringing it into our conscious awareness in short-term
memory.
, SENSORY MEMORY: a store of memory which very briefly stores raw information detected by the senses
● the faces of your classmates directly after looking at them
● the sound of a bird chirping outside just after you hear it
● the tag of your clothing that you might feel rubbing against your skin
● the scent of your deodorant when you spray it
● the taste of your food when you are eating lunch.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY(STM): a store of memory that temporarily stores a limited amount of information that is
consciously being attended to and actively manipulated
REHEARSAL: a controlled process which involves consciously repeating or manipulating information in short-term
memory
ENCODING: the process of converting information into a useable form which can be manipulated and stored in LTM
STORAGE: the retention of information over time
RETRIEVAL: process of accessing information, that has been stored in long-term memory, and bringing it into our
conscious awareness in short-term memory
LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM): a store of memory in which a potentially unlimited amount of information is stored for a
relatively permanent amount of time
