Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care, 6th Edition | All Chapters Included

TESTBANK Y




ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT & CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS INPRI
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MARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
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Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
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Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care6t
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h Edition Dains Y Y




ChapterY1:YClinicalYReasoning,YDifferentialYDiagnosis,YEvidence-

BasedYPractice,YandYSymptomYAnalysisYMultipleYChoice
IdentifyYtheYchoiceYthatYbestYcompletesYtheYstatementYorYanswersYtheYquestion.
Y 1. WhichYtypeYofYclinicalYdecision-makingYisYmostYreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

Y 2. WhichYofYtheYfollowingYisYfalse?YToYobtainYadequateYhistory,Yhealth-careYprovidersYmustYbe:
A. MethodicalYandYsystematic
B. AttentiveYtoYtheYpatient’sYverbalYandYnonverbalYlanguag
e
C. AbleYtoYaccuratelyYinterpretYtheYpatient’sYresponses
D. AdeptYatYreadingYintoYtheYpatient’sYstatements

Y 3. EssentialYpartsYofYaYhealthYhistoryYincludeYallYofYtheYfollowingYexcept:
A. ChiefYcomplaint
B. HistoryYofYtheYpresentYillness
C. CurrentYvitalYsigns
D. AllYofYtheYaboveYareYessentialYhistoryYcomponen
ts
Y 4. WhichYofYtheYfollowingYisYfalse?YWhileYperformingYtheYphysicalY examination,YtheYexaminerY mustYbeYableYto:
A. DifferentiateYbetweenYnormalYandYabnormalYfindings
B. RecallYknowledgeYofYaYrangeYofYconditionsYandYtheirYassociatedYsignsYandYsympto
ms
C. RecognizeYhowYcertainYconditionsYaffectYtheYresponseYtoYotherYconditions
D. ForeseeYunpredictableY findings

Y 5. TheYfollowingYisYtheYleastYreliableYsourceYofYinformationYforYdiagnosticYstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedYinvestigations
B. PrimaryYreportsYofYresearch
C. EstimationYbasedYonYaYprovider’sYexperienc
e
D. PublishedYmeta-analyses
Y 6. TheYfollowingYcanYbeYusedYtoYassistYinYsoundYclinicalYdecision-making:
A. AlgorithmYpublishedYinYaYpeer-
reviewedYjournalYarticle
B. ClinicalYpracticeYguidelines
C. Evidence-basedYresearch
D. AllYofYtheYabove

Y 7. IfYaYdiagnosticYstudyYhasYhighYsensitivity,Y thisYindicatesYa:
A. HighYpercentageYofYpersonsYwithYtheYgivenYconditionYwillYhaveYanYabnormalYres
ult
B. LowYpercentageYofYpersonsYwithYtheYgivenYconditionYwillYhaveYanYabnormalYres
ult
C. LowYlikelihoodYofYnormalYresultYinYpersonsYwithoutYaYgivenYcondition
D. NoneYofYtheYabove

Y 8. IfYaYdiagnosticYstudyYhasYhighYspecificity,Y thisYindicatesYa:
A. LowYpercentageYofYhealthyYindividualsYwillYshowYaYnormalYresult
B. HighYpercentageYofYhealthyYindividualsYwillYshowYaYnormalYresult
C. HighYpercentageYofYindividualsYwithYaYdisorderYwillYshowYaYnormalYresult
D. LowYpercentageYofYindividualsYwithYaYdisorderYwillYshowYanYabnormalYres
ult
Y 9. AYlikelihoodYratioYaboveY1YindicatesYthatYaYdiagnosticYtestYshowingYa:
A. PositiveYresultYisYstronglyYassociatedYwithYtheYdisease
B. NegativeYresultYisYstronglyYassociatedYwithYabsenceYofYtheYdisea
se
C. PositiveYresultYisYweaklyYassociatedYwithYtheYdisease
D. NegativeYresultYisYweaklyYassociatedYwithYabsenceYofYtheYdiseas
e
Y 10. WhichYofYtheYfollowingYclinicalYreasoningYtoolsYisYdefinedYasYevidence-basedYresourceYbasedYonYmathematicalY modeling
toYexpressYtheYlikelihoodYofYaYconditionYinYselectYsituations,Ysettings,Yand/orYpatients?

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A. ClinicalYpracticeYguideline
B. ClinicalYdecisionYrule
C. ClinicalYalgorithm
ChapterY1:YClinicalYreasoning,YdifferentialYdiagnosis,Yevidence-basedYpractice,YandYsymptomYana
AnswerY Section

MULTIPLEYCHOICE

1. ANS: B
CroskerryY(2009)YdescribesYtwoYmajorYtypesYofYclinicalYdiagnosticYdecision-
making:YintuitiveYandYanalytical.YIntuitiveYdecision-YmakingY(similarYtoYAugenblinkYdecision-
making)YisYbasedYonYtheYexperienceYandYintuitionYofYtheYclinicianYandYisYlessYreliableYandYpairedYwithYfairlyYcommonYerrors
.YInYcontrast,YanalyticalYdecision-makingYisYbasedYonYcarefulYconsiderationYandYhasYgreaterYreliabilityYwithYrareYerrors.

PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
ToYobtainYadequateYhistory,YprovidersYmustYbeYwellYorganized,YattentiveYtoYtheYpatient’sYverbalYandYnonverbalYlanguage,Yan
dYableYtoYaccuratelyYinterpretYtheYpatient’sYresponsesYtoYquestions.YRatherYthanYreadingYintoYtheYpatient’sYstatements,YtheyY
clarifyYanyYareasYofYuncertainty.

PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
VitalYsignsYareYpartYofYtheYphysicalYexaminationYportionYofYpatientYassessment,YnotYpartYofYtheYhealthYhistory.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
WhileYperformingYtheYphysicalYexamination,YtheYexaminerYmustYbeYableYtoYdifferentiateYbetweenYnormalYandYabnormalYfindi
ngs,YrecallYknowledgeYofYaYrangeYofYconditions,YincludingYtheirYassociatedYsignsYandYsymptoms,YrecognizeYhowYcertainYcondi
tionsYaffectYtheYresponseYtoYotherYconditions,YandYdistinguishYtheYrelevanceYofYvariedYabnormalYfindings.

PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
SourcesYforYdiagnosticYstatisticsYincludeYtextbooks,YprimaryYreportsYofYresearch,YandYpublishedYmeta-
analyses.YAnotherYsourceYofYstatistics,YtheYoneYthatYhasYbeenYmostYwidelyYusedYandYavailableYforYapplicationYtoYtheYreasoning
Yprocess,YisYtheYestimationYbasedYonYaYprovider’sYexperience,YalthoughYtheseYareYrarelyYaccurate.YOverYtheYpastYdecade,YtheY

availabilityYofYevidenceYonYwhichYtoYbaseYclinicalYreasoningYisYimproving,Y andYthereYisYanYincreasingYexpectationYthatYclini
calYreasoningYbeYbasedYonYscientificYevidence.
Evidence-basedYstatisticsYareYalsoYincreasinglyYbeingYusedYtoYdevelopY resourcesYtoYfacilitateY clinicalY decision-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
ToYassistYinYclinicalYdecision-making,YaYnumberYofYevidence-
basedYresourcesYhaveYbeenYdevelopedYtoYassistYtheYclinician.YResources,YsuchYasYalgorithmsYandYclinicalYpracticeYguidelines,
YassistYinYclinicalYreasoningYwhenYproperlyYapplied.



PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
TheYsensitivityYofYaYdiagnosticYstudyYisYtheYpercentageYofYindividualsYwithYtheYtargetYconditionYwhoYshowYanYabnormal,YorYp
ositive,Yresult.YAYhighYsensitivityYindicatesYthatYaYgreaterYpercentageYofYpersonsYwithYtheYgivenYconditionYwillYhaveYanYabnor
malYresult.

PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
TheYspecificityYofYaYdiagnosticYstudyYisYtheYpercentageYofYnormal,YhealthyYindividualsYwhoYhaveYaYnormalYresult.YTheYgreat
erYtheYspecificity,YtheYgreaterYtheYpercentageYofYindividualsYwhoYwillYhaveYnegative,YorYnormal,YresultsYifYtheyYdoYnotYhave
YtheYtargetYcondition.



PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
TheYlikelihoodYratioYisYtheYprobabilityYthatYaYpositiveYtestYresultYwillYbeYassociatedYwithYaYpersonYwhoYhasYtheYtargetYconditio
nYandYaYnegativeYresultYwillYbeYassociatedYwithYaYhealthyYperson.YAYlikelihoodYratioYaboveY1YindicatesYthatYaYpositiveYresultY
isYassociatedYwithYtheYdisease;YaYlikelihoodYratioYlessYthanY1YindicatesYthatYaYnegativeYresultYisYassociatedYwithYanYabsenceYof
YtheYdisease.

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PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
ClinicalYdecisionY(orYprediction)YrulesYprovideYanotherYsupportYforYclinicalYreasoning.YClinicalYdecisionYrulesYareYevidence-
basedYresourcesYthatYprovideYprobabilisticYstatementsYregardingYtheYlikelihoodYthatYaYconditionYexistsYifYcertainYvariablesYar
eYmetYwithYregardYtoYtheYprognosisYofYpatientsYwithYspecificYfindings.YDecisionYrulesYuseYmathematicalYmodelsYandYareYsp
ecificYtoYcertainYsituations,Ysettings,Yand/orYpatientYcharacteristics.

PTS: 1