Test Bank for A History of World Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks

TEST BANK for A History of World
Y Y Y Y Y Y




Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E.
Y Y Y Y Y Y




Wiesner-Hanks
COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1-
Y Y




33| A+ GRADED ALL ANSWERS AT THE BACK OF E
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y




ACH CHAPTER
Y




PageY|Y1

, ChapterY01_Essay

AnswerYeachYofYtheYfollowingYquestionsYwithYanYessay.YBeYsureYtoYincludeYspecificYexamplesYthatYsup
portYyourYthesisYandYconclusions.

1. WhatYareYsomeYofYtheYproblemsYinYusingYevidenceYfromYcontemporaryYgathererYsocietiesYtoYstudyYea
rlyYhumans?




2. HowYdidYearlyYHomoYerectusYspreadYoutYofYEastYAfricaYintoYotherYpartsYofYtheYworld?YWhereYdidYt
heyYgo,YandYhowYearlyYdidYtheyYreachYthoseYplaces?




3. WhatYwereYtheYkeyYfeaturesYofYPaleolithicYfoodYattainmentYandYPaleolithicYdiets?



4. WhatYareYsomeYofYtheYtheoriesYaboutYgenderYrelationshipsYinYPaleolithicYsocieties?YWhatYchanged
YinY
thoseYrelationshipsYinYtheYNeolithicYperiod?YWhatYkindsYofYevidenceYareYusedYinYsupportingYorYar
guingYagainstYtheseYtheories?




5. WhatYisYtheYrelationshipYbetweenYpastoralism,Ydisease,YandYhumans?




6. HowYdidYmaterialYgoodsYcreate,Ydefine,YandYperpetuateYsocialYhierarchiesYinYNeolithicYsocieties?



AnswerYKey

1. AnswerYwouldYideallyYinclude:

• BecauseYtheYearliestYhumansYdidYnotYleaveYbehindYwrittenYevidence,YscientistsYhaveYstudiedYmor
eYrecentYsocietiesYthatYlivedYbyYsimilarYgatheringYmeans.YHowever,YmostYevidenceYaboutYrecentYgathererY
societiesYwasYwrittenYbyYexternalYsourcesYandYthusYincludesYtheirYbiasesYandYexpectations,YsuchYasYtheYin
feriorityYofYforagingYasYaYlifestyle.YFurthermore,YfewYmodernYforagersYorYgatherersYareYtrulyYisolatedYfro
mYtheYinfluenceYofYotherYagriculturalYorYindustrialYcultures.YAlso,YthisYapproachYassumesYthatYgatherer


PageY|Y2

,societiesYareYsomehowYstaticYandYremainYunchangedYoverYmanyYcenturies,YwhichYignoresYtheYevidence
YofY
howYadaptableYsuchYsocietiesYreallyYare.



2. AnswerYwouldYideallyYinclude:

• HomoYerectusYmigratedYoutYofYEastYAfricaYintoYcentralYAfrica,YandYthenYintoYnorthernYAfrica.YT
hisYmigrationYtookYplaceY2YmillionYyearsYago.YAsYearlyYasY1.8YmillionYyearsYago,YHomoYerectusYhadYspr
eadYtoYAsia,YreachingYChinaYandYJavaYbyY1.5YmillionYyearsYago.YTheseYmigrationsYtookYplaceYoverYland
,YalongYcoastlineYroutes.YBecauseYseaYlevelsYwereYlowerYthen,YindividualsYcouldYcrossYfromYtheYmainlan
dYofYChinaYtoYJavaYonYfoot.YHomoYerectusYalsoYmovedYnorthwardYfromYAfrica,YintoYSpainYbyY800,000Yy
earsYagoYandYintoYGermanyY500,000YyearsYago.YInYeachYofYtheseYplaces,YtheyYadaptedYhuntingYandYgath
eringYtechniquesYtoYtheYlocalYenvironment.



3. AnswerYwouldYideallyYinclude:

• TheYPaleolithicYdietYconsistedYofYaYcombinationYofYplantsYandYanimalYprotein.YPaleolithicYpeop
lesYforagedYforYtheirYfood,YengagingYinYwhatYweYwouldYconsiderYaYcombinationYofYhunting,Yscavenging
,YandYgathering.YMostYofYwhatYtheyYateYwereYplants.YAnimalYproteinYoftenYcameYfromYscavengedYfoods
YlikeYinsectsYandYshellfishYratherYthanYbeingYhuntedYdirectly.YItYisYunknownYasYtoYwhetherYlaborYwasYdi

videdYbetweenYgenders,YbutYinYtoday'sYforagingYsocieties,YthereYisYsomeYdivision,YwithYmenYengagingYi
nYhuntingYlargeYanimalsYandYwomenYresponsibleYforYgatheringYplantsYandYsmallYanimals.YItYtookYbetwe
enYtenYandYtwentyYhoursYperYweekYtoYgatherYfood,YbutYthisYnumberYvariedYdependingYonYenvironmenta
lYfactorsYandYgroupYdecisions.YBecauseYPaleolithicYpeoplesYhadYtoYforageYforYtheirYdiet,YtheyYexpended
YenergyYand,YinYgeneral,YavoidedYdiseasesYcommonYinYsedentaryYsocieties.YLifeYspansYwereYkeptYinYche

ckYbyYaccidents,Yinjuries,YandYinfections.



4. AnswerYwouldYideallyYinclude:

• StudiesYofYmoreYrecentYforagingYsocietiesYsuggestYthatYwomenYwereYvaluedYforYtheirYlabor,Ywhi
chYwasYrecognizedYasYequalYtoYtheYworkYofYmen.YBothYmenYandYwomenYforagedYforYfood,YandYbothYpar
ticipatedYinYhunting.YOtherYscholarsYtheorizeYthatYevenYinYPaleolithicYsocietyYoneYpersonYmayYhaveYeme
rgedYasYaYleader,YperhapsYbasedYonYpersonalYskill,YandYthatYthisYpersonYwasYalmostYalwaysYaYman.YItYisY
moreYcertainYthatYbyYtheYNeolithicYperiod,YafterYtheYinventionYofYplowYagriculture,YsocietyYbecameYmor
eYhierarchicalYandYmenYtookYonYmoreYofYaYpublic,YeliteYstatus.YWomenYwereYlimitedYtoYtheYhomeYorYen
closedYspaces,YandYlandYinheritanceYfavoredYmenYoverYwomen.YEvidenceYforYgenderYrolesYinYtheYNeolith
icYperiodYcomesYfromYlaterYwrittenYtraditions.




PageY|Y3

, 5. AnswerYwouldYideallyYinclude:

• PastoralismYisYtheYherdingYandYraisingYofYlivestock.YItYrequiresYhumansYtoYliveYinYcloseYcontactY
withYtheirYherdYanimals,YthusYexposingYhumansYtoYvariousYanimal-
borneYdiseases,YsuchYasYsmallpox.YInitially,YexposureYtoYdiseasesYmayYhaveYcausedYhigherYmortalityYrate
sYinYpastoralistYsocieties,YbutYoverYtime,YhumansYwouldYhaveYdevelopedYsomeYresistanceYtoYthem.YForag
ersYwereYnotYexposedYtoYtheseYdiseasesYandYthusYdidYnotYdevelopYanyYresistanceYtoYthem.YWhenYaYpastor
alistYsocietyYencounteredYaYforagerYsociety,YthisYmightYhaveYledYtheYformerYtoYexposeYtheYlatterYtoYdeadly
Ypathogens.




6. AnswerYwouldYideallyYinclude:

• TheYpossessionYofYmaterialYgoods—
suchYasYlivestock,YdwellingYstructures,Yplows,Ycarts,YandYpots—
indicatedYthatYsomeYindividualsYhadYcontrolYoverYmoreYlabor.YLaborYwasYusedYtoYacquireYmaterialYgoo
ds.YTheYmoreYmaterialYgoodsYoneYhad,YtheYmoreYlaborYoneYcontrolled.YThisYindicatedYstatus;YtoYcontrolY
laborYwasYtoYhaveYaYhigherYstatusYthanYothers.YHavingYmaterialYgoodsYgaveYoneYtheYabilityYtoYacquireY
yetYmoreYmaterialYgoodsYandYtoYcontinueYtoYacquireYstatus.YMaterialYgoods,YalongYwithYland,YcouldYals
oYconstituteYanYinheritance,YandYthusYperpetuateYstatusYintoYtheYnextYgeneration.



ChapterY01_Matching

UseYtheYfollowingYtoYanswerYquestionsY1-15:

SelectYtheYwordYorYphraseYfromYtheYTermsYsectionYthatYbestYmatchesYtheYdefinitionYorYexampleYprovide
dYinYtheYDefinitionsYsection.

Terms

a. pastoralism

b. Neanderthals

c. divisionYofYlabor

d. animism

e. socialYhierarchies

f. patriarchy

g. PaleolithicYera

h. AgriculturalYRevolution

g. foraging

PageY|Y4