, TESTBANK FOR Corrections in America An
Introduction, 16th edition Allen
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank
Corrections in America
An Introduction
Sixteenth Edition
Harry E. Allen, Ph.D.
Edward J. Latessa, Ph.D.
Bruce S. Ponder
Shelley L. Johnson
Brian K. Lovins
,This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided
solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing
student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including
on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not
permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available
to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their
classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these
restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs
of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Product Manager: Holly Shufeldt
Content Producer: Jessica Kajkowski
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and
permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in
a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and
the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department,
please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
PEARSON is exclusive trademark owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates in the U.S.
and/or other countries.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may appear in
this work are the property of their respective owners, and any references to third-party
trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only.
Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or
promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the
owner and Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors.
,Corrections in America: An Introduction, 16e (Allen)
Chapter 1 Early History (2000 B.C. to A.D. 1800)
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of these is true regarding the role that the period of Enlightenment had on correctional
philosophy?
A) Enlightenment leaders argued for human rights, humane and measured treatment, and
alternatives to punishment as important roles for corrections
B) Philosophers began to develop limits to the still dominant punitive role of corrections
C) It brought major changes to correctional philosophy
D) All of these
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
2) Currently, the role of corrections is to:
A) ensure public safety
B) prepare people for return back into society
C) rehabilitate
D) all of these
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
3) The practice of retaliation usually begins to develop into a system of criminal law when it
becomes customary for the victim of the wrongdoing to:
A) take revenge on the person who wronged them
B) start a vendetta against the wrongdoer's family
C) report the crime to the proper authorities
D) accept money or property in place of blood vengeance
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
4) Criminal law, even primitive criminal law, requires an element of ________ action against the
wrongdoer.
A) public
B) retaliatory
C) aggressive
D) fair
Answer: A
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
1
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,5) Lex talionis is more commonly known as:
A) the "mark of the slave"
B) penal servitude
C) "an eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth"
D) the death penalty
Answer: C
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Basic
6) The first society to allow any of its citizens to prosecute a person in the name of the injured
party were:
A) Babylonians
B) Sumerians
C) Romans
D) Greeks
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Basic
7) What was the main contribution of the medieval church to the study of corrections?
A) Punishment is necessary to establish guilt or innocence.
B) Torture and brutal treatment are necessary methods of questioning.
C) Individuals have free will and can be held accountable for their actions.
D) Everyone should receive the same punishment, regardless of social standing.
Answer: C
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
8) Which of these is NOT an example of corporal punishment?
A) Torture
B) Branding
C) Mutilation
D) Imprisonment
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize sentencing goals and primary punishment philosophies.
Level: Basic
9) Which of these punishments were used to subject the person to public humiliation?
A) Mutilation
B) Branding
C) Stocks
D) Drawing and quartering
Answer: C
Objective: Summarize sentencing goals and primary punishment philosophies.
Level: Intermediate
2
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,10) Laws that are enacted by humans are known as:
A) lex eternal
B) lex humana
C) lex talionis
D) lex naturalis
Answer: B
Objective: Describe how secular law emerged.
Level: Intermediate
11) What theory advocated by Sir Thomas More was not considered acceptable at the time but
has become the foundation for modern theories of penology and criminology?
A) Public punishment can deter potential offenders.
B) Social revenge is an appropriate justification for punishing an offender.
C) Punishment cannot prevent crime.
D) Punishment is a way for offenders to repay society and atone for their transgressions against
God.
Answer: C
Objective: Describe how secular law emerged.
Level: Intermediate
12) What was the purpose of the Bridewells constructed in England in the 1500s?
A) They were workhouses created to provide employment and housing for London's "riffraff."
B) They were prisons designed to incarcerate individuals convicted of serious felony offenses.
C) They were asylums sponsored by the Christian church to place wrongdoers in seclusion.
D) They were early cellular prisons designed for incorrigible juveniles.
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
13) Jail fever was a common term for:
A) mental illness
B) typhus
C) claustrophobia
D) psychosis
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
14) Which of these ideas was not conceived by Cesare Beccaria?
A) Individuals should be regarded as innocent until proven guilty.
B) There should be no capital punishment.
C) Preventing crimes is more important than punishment for crimes.
D) The purpose of punishment is to provide social revenge.
Answer: D
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
3
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,15) Bentham's "hedonistic calculus" was developed from the belief that:
A) the effectiveness of deterrence can be calculated mathematically
B) math and science are interconnected
C) crime can be controlled through statistical analysis
D) behavior can be influenced in a scientific manner
Answer: D
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
16) Which of these is Bentham's idea that the main objective of an intelligent person is to
achieve the most pleasure while experiencing the least amount of pain?
A) Hedonistic calculus
B) Friedensgeld
C) Civil death
D) Lex humana
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
17) All of these are among John Howard's principles for a penitentiary system except:
A) systematic inspection
B) hard physical labor
C) secure and sanitary structures
D) abolition of fees
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
18) The deportation of criminals to America from England between 1596 and 1776 was known
as:
A) restitution
B) exoneration
C) transportation
D) inquisition
Answer: C
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
19) The deportation of criminals to America from England stopped because of:
A) persistent complaints filed against the monarchy
B) the beginning of the American Revolution
C) a decision to redirect transportation to Australia
D) the increasingly expensive cost of the voyages
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
4
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,20) Old abandoned or unusable transport ships anchored in rivers and harbors throughout the
British Isles to confine the accused were known as:
A) hulks
B) Bridewells
C) gaols
D) workhouses
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
21) The Hospice of San Michele in Rome exclusively handled:
A) the elderly
B) the criminally insane
C) juveniles
D) the terminally ill
Answer: C
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
22) Which of these was not one of the main concepts that carried over from the early cellular
institutions?
A) Withholding food from inmates
B) The central community work area
C) Individual cells for sleeping
D) A monastic regimen of silence and expiation
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
23) The first true correctional institution in America was:
A) Mamertine Prison
B) the Great Law
C) the Walnut Street Jail
D) the Brank
Answer: C
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
24) The system of prison discipline that used total isolation or solitary confinement was known
as the:
A) Great Law
B) English Anglican Code
C) Quaker Code
D) Pennsylvania System
Answer: D
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
5
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 25) Which of these led to the ultimate failure of the Walnut Street Jail program?
A) Too many prisoners revolted.
B) It became overcrowded.
C) There were not enough inmates.
D) Disease became too rampant.
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
1.2 True/False Questions
1) The role of corrections has changed significantly since 2000 B.C.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
2) The role of corrections is mainly to deter potential criminals from becoming involved in
crime.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
3) In early primitive societies, personal retaliation was accepted and even encouraged by
members of the tribal group.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
4) There is little doubt that outlawry, or exile, was the first punishment imposed by society.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Basic
5) The concept of lex talionis first appears in the Bible.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
6) Civil death was an early name for penal servitude.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
6
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
Introduction, 16th edition Allen
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank
Corrections in America
An Introduction
Sixteenth Edition
Harry E. Allen, Ph.D.
Edward J. Latessa, Ph.D.
Bruce S. Ponder
Shelley L. Johnson
Brian K. Lovins
,This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided
solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing
student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including
on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not
permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available
to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their
classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these
restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs
of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Product Manager: Holly Shufeldt
Content Producer: Jessica Kajkowski
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and
permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in
a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and
the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department,
please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
PEARSON is exclusive trademark owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates in the U.S.
and/or other countries.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may appear in
this work are the property of their respective owners, and any references to third-party
trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only.
Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or
promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the
owner and Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors.
,Corrections in America: An Introduction, 16e (Allen)
Chapter 1 Early History (2000 B.C. to A.D. 1800)
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of these is true regarding the role that the period of Enlightenment had on correctional
philosophy?
A) Enlightenment leaders argued for human rights, humane and measured treatment, and
alternatives to punishment as important roles for corrections
B) Philosophers began to develop limits to the still dominant punitive role of corrections
C) It brought major changes to correctional philosophy
D) All of these
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
2) Currently, the role of corrections is to:
A) ensure public safety
B) prepare people for return back into society
C) rehabilitate
D) all of these
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
3) The practice of retaliation usually begins to develop into a system of criminal law when it
becomes customary for the victim of the wrongdoing to:
A) take revenge on the person who wronged them
B) start a vendetta against the wrongdoer's family
C) report the crime to the proper authorities
D) accept money or property in place of blood vengeance
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
4) Criminal law, even primitive criminal law, requires an element of ________ action against the
wrongdoer.
A) public
B) retaliatory
C) aggressive
D) fair
Answer: A
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
1
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,5) Lex talionis is more commonly known as:
A) the "mark of the slave"
B) penal servitude
C) "an eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth"
D) the death penalty
Answer: C
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Basic
6) The first society to allow any of its citizens to prosecute a person in the name of the injured
party were:
A) Babylonians
B) Sumerians
C) Romans
D) Greeks
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Basic
7) What was the main contribution of the medieval church to the study of corrections?
A) Punishment is necessary to establish guilt or innocence.
B) Torture and brutal treatment are necessary methods of questioning.
C) Individuals have free will and can be held accountable for their actions.
D) Everyone should receive the same punishment, regardless of social standing.
Answer: C
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
8) Which of these is NOT an example of corporal punishment?
A) Torture
B) Branding
C) Mutilation
D) Imprisonment
Answer: D
Objective: Summarize sentencing goals and primary punishment philosophies.
Level: Basic
9) Which of these punishments were used to subject the person to public humiliation?
A) Mutilation
B) Branding
C) Stocks
D) Drawing and quartering
Answer: C
Objective: Summarize sentencing goals and primary punishment philosophies.
Level: Intermediate
2
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,10) Laws that are enacted by humans are known as:
A) lex eternal
B) lex humana
C) lex talionis
D) lex naturalis
Answer: B
Objective: Describe how secular law emerged.
Level: Intermediate
11) What theory advocated by Sir Thomas More was not considered acceptable at the time but
has become the foundation for modern theories of penology and criminology?
A) Public punishment can deter potential offenders.
B) Social revenge is an appropriate justification for punishing an offender.
C) Punishment cannot prevent crime.
D) Punishment is a way for offenders to repay society and atone for their transgressions against
God.
Answer: C
Objective: Describe how secular law emerged.
Level: Intermediate
12) What was the purpose of the Bridewells constructed in England in the 1500s?
A) They were workhouses created to provide employment and housing for London's "riffraff."
B) They were prisons designed to incarcerate individuals convicted of serious felony offenses.
C) They were asylums sponsored by the Christian church to place wrongdoers in seclusion.
D) They were early cellular prisons designed for incorrigible juveniles.
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
13) Jail fever was a common term for:
A) mental illness
B) typhus
C) claustrophobia
D) psychosis
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
14) Which of these ideas was not conceived by Cesare Beccaria?
A) Individuals should be regarded as innocent until proven guilty.
B) There should be no capital punishment.
C) Preventing crimes is more important than punishment for crimes.
D) The purpose of punishment is to provide social revenge.
Answer: D
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
3
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,15) Bentham's "hedonistic calculus" was developed from the belief that:
A) the effectiveness of deterrence can be calculated mathematically
B) math and science are interconnected
C) crime can be controlled through statistical analysis
D) behavior can be influenced in a scientific manner
Answer: D
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
16) Which of these is Bentham's idea that the main objective of an intelligent person is to
achieve the most pleasure while experiencing the least amount of pain?
A) Hedonistic calculus
B) Friedensgeld
C) Civil death
D) Lex humana
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
17) All of these are among John Howard's principles for a penitentiary system except:
A) systematic inspection
B) hard physical labor
C) secure and sanitary structures
D) abolition of fees
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
18) The deportation of criminals to America from England between 1596 and 1776 was known
as:
A) restitution
B) exoneration
C) transportation
D) inquisition
Answer: C
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
19) The deportation of criminals to America from England stopped because of:
A) persistent complaints filed against the monarchy
B) the beginning of the American Revolution
C) a decision to redirect transportation to Australia
D) the increasingly expensive cost of the voyages
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
4
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,20) Old abandoned or unusable transport ships anchored in rivers and harbors throughout the
British Isles to confine the accused were known as:
A) hulks
B) Bridewells
C) gaols
D) workhouses
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
21) The Hospice of San Michele in Rome exclusively handled:
A) the elderly
B) the criminally insane
C) juveniles
D) the terminally ill
Answer: C
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
22) Which of these was not one of the main concepts that carried over from the early cellular
institutions?
A) Withholding food from inmates
B) The central community work area
C) Individual cells for sleeping
D) A monastic regimen of silence and expiation
Answer: A
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
23) The first true correctional institution in America was:
A) Mamertine Prison
B) the Great Law
C) the Walnut Street Jail
D) the Brank
Answer: C
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
24) The system of prison discipline that used total isolation or solitary confinement was known
as the:
A) Great Law
B) English Anglican Code
C) Quaker Code
D) Pennsylvania System
Answer: D
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Basic
5
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 25) Which of these led to the ultimate failure of the Walnut Street Jail program?
A) Too many prisoners revolted.
B) It became overcrowded.
C) There were not enough inmates.
D) Disease became too rampant.
Answer: B
Objective: Outline the development of the prison.
Level: Intermediate
1.2 True/False Questions
1) The role of corrections has changed significantly since 2000 B.C.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
2) The role of corrections is mainly to deter potential criminals from becoming involved in
crime.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: Summarize the definition, mission, and role of corrections.
Level: Intermediate
3) In early primitive societies, personal retaliation was accepted and even encouraged by
members of the tribal group.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
4) There is little doubt that outlawry, or exile, was the first punishment imposed by society.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Basic
5) The concept of lex talionis first appears in the Bible.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
6) Civil death was an early name for penal servitude.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: Summarize early responses to crime prior to the development of prisons.
Level: Intermediate
6
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
