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CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Aplastic Anemia-correct-answer-- Characterized by an absence of all formed
blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
- Diagnosis is made by blood tests and bone marrow biopsy.
- Suspected if levels of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are
diminished.
Sickle Cell Anemia-correct-answer-- Have sickle cell trait; caused by a mutation in
the HBB gene that leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin.
- Autosomal recessive disorder; both parents must contribute an abnormal gene
for a child to have the disorder.
Thalassemia-correct-answer-- Inherited blood disorder that causes decreased
circulating hemoglobin.
- Many possible genetic mutations.
Aortic Valve-correct-answer-- Valve located between the left ventricle and the
aorta.
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Mitral Valve-correct-answer-- The valve between the left atrium and the left
ventricle of the heart.
Pulmonary Valve-correct-answer-- Valve positioned between the right ventricle
and the pulmonary artery.
Normal Blood Flow Through the Heart-correct-answer-Superior & Inferior vena
cava -> Right atrium -> Tricuspid valve -> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary valve ->
Pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> Left atrium -> Mitral valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic
valve -> Aorta -> Body.
Tricuspid Valve-correct-answer-- Valve between the right atrium and the right
ventricle.
Cardiac Output (CO)-correct-answer-- The volume of blood pumped by each
ventricle per minute.
- Cardiac output (mL/min) = stroke volume (mL/beat) x heart rate (beats/min)
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Preload-correct-answer-- Amount of stretch that the cardiac muscle exhibits at
the end of ventricular filling.
- More volume -> more stretch = higher preload
- "fluid"
Afterload-correct-answer-- The force which the heart must contract against in
order to pump blood.
- aka systemic vascular resistance
- "pressure"
Hypertension has its most immediate effect on ___________.-correct-answer-
Afterload
Heart Failure-correct-answer-- Underlying patho: cardiac output < body's oxygen
demands.
- Overtime: decreased contractility, decreased stroke volume, increased left
ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV).
- Causes dilation of the heart & increase in preload.
- Major risk factor: long-standing hypertension
CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Aplastic Anemia-correct-answer-- Characterized by an absence of all formed
blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
- Diagnosis is made by blood tests and bone marrow biopsy.
- Suspected if levels of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are
diminished.
Sickle Cell Anemia-correct-answer-- Have sickle cell trait; caused by a mutation in
the HBB gene that leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin.
- Autosomal recessive disorder; both parents must contribute an abnormal gene
for a child to have the disorder.
Thalassemia-correct-answer-- Inherited blood disorder that causes decreased
circulating hemoglobin.
- Many possible genetic mutations.
Aortic Valve-correct-answer-- Valve located between the left ventricle and the
aorta.
,2|Page
Mitral Valve-correct-answer-- The valve between the left atrium and the left
ventricle of the heart.
Pulmonary Valve-correct-answer-- Valve positioned between the right ventricle
and the pulmonary artery.
Normal Blood Flow Through the Heart-correct-answer-Superior & Inferior vena
cava -> Right atrium -> Tricuspid valve -> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary valve ->
Pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> Left atrium -> Mitral valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic
valve -> Aorta -> Body.
Tricuspid Valve-correct-answer-- Valve between the right atrium and the right
ventricle.
Cardiac Output (CO)-correct-answer-- The volume of blood pumped by each
ventricle per minute.
- Cardiac output (mL/min) = stroke volume (mL/beat) x heart rate (beats/min)
, 3|Page
Preload-correct-answer-- Amount of stretch that the cardiac muscle exhibits at
the end of ventricular filling.
- More volume -> more stretch = higher preload
- "fluid"
Afterload-correct-answer-- The force which the heart must contract against in
order to pump blood.
- aka systemic vascular resistance
- "pressure"
Hypertension has its most immediate effect on ___________.-correct-answer-
Afterload
Heart Failure-correct-answer-- Underlying patho: cardiac output < body's oxygen
demands.
- Overtime: decreased contractility, decreased stroke volume, increased left
ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV).
- Causes dilation of the heart & increase in preload.
- Major risk factor: long-standing hypertension
