EC3501 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT V - WIRELESS NETWORKING
UNIT- V
WIRELESS NETWORKING
Introduction: Difference Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks, The Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN), Development Of Wireless Networks: First Generation Wireless Networks,
Second Generation Wireless Networks, Third Generation Wireless Networks, Fixed Network Transmission
Hierarchy, Traffic Routing In Wireless Networks: Circuit Switching, Packet Switching- Personal
Communication Services / Networks (PCS/PCNs): Packet Vs Circuit Switching For PCN, Cellular Packet-
Switched Architecture - Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA) - Network Databases: Distributed
Database For Mobility Management - Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS).
5.1 Introduction to Wireless Networks
5.2 Difference Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks
5.2.1 The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
5.3 Development Of Wireless Networks
5.3.1 First Generation Wireless Networks
5.3.2 Second Generation Wireless Networks
5.3.3 Third Generation Wireless Networks
5.4 Fixed Network Transmission Hierarchy
5.5 Traffic Routing In Wireless Networks
5.5.1 Circuit Switching
5.5.2 Packet Switching
5.6 Personal Communication Services / Networks (PCS/PCNs)
5.6.1 Packet Vs Circuit Switching For PCN
5.6.2 Cellular Packet - Switched Architecture
5.6.2.1 Network Functionality In Cellular Packet-Switched Architecture
5.7 Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA)
5.8 Network Databases
5.8.1 Distributed Database For Mobility Management
5.9 Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS)
Wireless Networking: A mobile network (also wireless network) route's communications in the form of
radio waves to and from users. It is composed of base stations that each cover a delimited area or "cell." When
joined together these cells provide radio coverage over a wide geographic area.
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, EC3501 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT V - WIRELESS NETWORKING
5.1 Introduction to Wireless Networks
1. Give a brief discussion on wireless networks.
➢ The demand for universal personal communications is driving the development of new networking
techniques.
➢ This accommodates mobile voice and data users who move throughout buildings, cities, or countries.
➢ Consider the cellular telephone system shown in Figure 5.1.
➢ The cellular telephone system is responsible for providing coverage throughout a particular territory,
called a coverage region.
➢ The interconnection of many such systems defines a wireless network.
➢ Wireless network is capable of providing service to mobile users throughout a country or continent.
➢ To provide wireless communications within a particular geographic region (i.e., a city),
✓ an integrated network of base stations must be deployed
▪ to provide sufficient radio coverage to all mobile users.
➢ The base stations must be connected to a central hub called the Mobile Switching Center (MSC).
➢ The MSC provides connectivity between the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the
numerous base stations, and between all of the wireless subscribers in a system.
➢ The PSTN forms the global telecommunications grid.
➢ PSTN connects conventional (landline) telephone switching centers (central offices) with MSCs
throughout the world.
Figure 5.1 Block diagram of a cellular system.
➢ Figure 5.1 illustrates a typical cellular system of the early 1990s.
➢ Fiber optic transport architectures are also being used to connect radio ports, base stations, and MSCs.
➢ To connect mobile subscribers to the base stations, radio links are established using communication
protocol called common air interface (CAI).
➢ It is a precisely defined handshake communication protocol.
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, EC3501 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT V - WIRELESS NETWORKING
➢ The common air interface specifies how mobile subscribers and base stations communicate over radio
frequencies.
➢ CAI also defines the control channel signaling methods.
➢ The CAI must provide channel reliability to ensure that data is properly sent and received between the
mobile and the base station.
➢ Each base station may handle on the order of 50 simultaneous calls.
➢ A typical MSC is responsible for connecting as many as 100 base stations to the PSTN (as many as 5,000
calls at one time).
➢ So, the connection between the MSC and the PSTN requires large capacity at any instant of time.
➢ The term network is used to describe a wide range of voice or data connections
✓ from the case of a single mobile user to the base station,
✓ to the connection of a large MSC to the PSTN.
5.2 Difference Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks
2. Discuss the differences Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks.
➢ Transfer of information in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) takes place over landline
trunked lines (called trunks).
➢ The trunks comprised of fiber optic cables, copper cables, microwave links, and satellite links.
➢ In PSTN, the network configurations are virtually static.
➢ The network connections may be changed when a subscriber changes residence.
➢ It requires reprogramming at the local Central Office (CO) of the subscriber.
➢ Fixed networks are difficult to change.
➢ Wireless networks are highly dynamic.
➢ The network configuration is being rearranged every time a subscriber moves into the coverage region
of a different base station.
➢ Wireless networks must reconfigure themselves for users, within seconds to provide roaming and
invisible handoffs between calls.
➢ In fixed networks, the available channel bandwidth can be increased by installing high capacity cables
(fiber optic or coaxial cable).
➢ But, wireless networks are constrained by the very small RF cellular bandwidth, provided for each user.
5.2.1 The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
3. Illustrate the Public Switched Telephone Network with relevant architectural diagrams.
➢ The PSTN is a highly integrated communications network that connects over 70% of the world's
inhabitants.
➢ Each country is responsible for the regulation of the PSTN within its borders.
➢ In the PSTN, each city (i.e., geographic grouping of towns) is called a Local Access and Transport Area
(LATA).
➢ Surrounding LATAs are connected by a company called a local exchange carrier (LEC).
➢ A LEC is a company that provides intraLATA telephone service, and may be a local telephone company
that is regional in scope.
Note: intraLATA - A telephone call within the same LATA (same region).
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UNIT- V
WIRELESS NETWORKING
Introduction: Difference Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks, The Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN), Development Of Wireless Networks: First Generation Wireless Networks,
Second Generation Wireless Networks, Third Generation Wireless Networks, Fixed Network Transmission
Hierarchy, Traffic Routing In Wireless Networks: Circuit Switching, Packet Switching- Personal
Communication Services / Networks (PCS/PCNs): Packet Vs Circuit Switching For PCN, Cellular Packet-
Switched Architecture - Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA) - Network Databases: Distributed
Database For Mobility Management - Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS).
5.1 Introduction to Wireless Networks
5.2 Difference Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks
5.2.1 The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
5.3 Development Of Wireless Networks
5.3.1 First Generation Wireless Networks
5.3.2 Second Generation Wireless Networks
5.3.3 Third Generation Wireless Networks
5.4 Fixed Network Transmission Hierarchy
5.5 Traffic Routing In Wireless Networks
5.5.1 Circuit Switching
5.5.2 Packet Switching
5.6 Personal Communication Services / Networks (PCS/PCNs)
5.6.1 Packet Vs Circuit Switching For PCN
5.6.2 Cellular Packet - Switched Architecture
5.6.2.1 Network Functionality In Cellular Packet-Switched Architecture
5.7 Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA)
5.8 Network Databases
5.8.1 Distributed Database For Mobility Management
5.9 Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS)
Wireless Networking: A mobile network (also wireless network) route's communications in the form of
radio waves to and from users. It is composed of base stations that each cover a delimited area or "cell." When
joined together these cells provide radio coverage over a wide geographic area.
1
, EC3501 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT V - WIRELESS NETWORKING
5.1 Introduction to Wireless Networks
1. Give a brief discussion on wireless networks.
➢ The demand for universal personal communications is driving the development of new networking
techniques.
➢ This accommodates mobile voice and data users who move throughout buildings, cities, or countries.
➢ Consider the cellular telephone system shown in Figure 5.1.
➢ The cellular telephone system is responsible for providing coverage throughout a particular territory,
called a coverage region.
➢ The interconnection of many such systems defines a wireless network.
➢ Wireless network is capable of providing service to mobile users throughout a country or continent.
➢ To provide wireless communications within a particular geographic region (i.e., a city),
✓ an integrated network of base stations must be deployed
▪ to provide sufficient radio coverage to all mobile users.
➢ The base stations must be connected to a central hub called the Mobile Switching Center (MSC).
➢ The MSC provides connectivity between the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the
numerous base stations, and between all of the wireless subscribers in a system.
➢ The PSTN forms the global telecommunications grid.
➢ PSTN connects conventional (landline) telephone switching centers (central offices) with MSCs
throughout the world.
Figure 5.1 Block diagram of a cellular system.
➢ Figure 5.1 illustrates a typical cellular system of the early 1990s.
➢ Fiber optic transport architectures are also being used to connect radio ports, base stations, and MSCs.
➢ To connect mobile subscribers to the base stations, radio links are established using communication
protocol called common air interface (CAI).
➢ It is a precisely defined handshake communication protocol.
2
, EC3501 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT V - WIRELESS NETWORKING
➢ The common air interface specifies how mobile subscribers and base stations communicate over radio
frequencies.
➢ CAI also defines the control channel signaling methods.
➢ The CAI must provide channel reliability to ensure that data is properly sent and received between the
mobile and the base station.
➢ Each base station may handle on the order of 50 simultaneous calls.
➢ A typical MSC is responsible for connecting as many as 100 base stations to the PSTN (as many as 5,000
calls at one time).
➢ So, the connection between the MSC and the PSTN requires large capacity at any instant of time.
➢ The term network is used to describe a wide range of voice or data connections
✓ from the case of a single mobile user to the base station,
✓ to the connection of a large MSC to the PSTN.
5.2 Difference Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks
2. Discuss the differences Between Wireless And Fixed Telephone Networks.
➢ Transfer of information in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) takes place over landline
trunked lines (called trunks).
➢ The trunks comprised of fiber optic cables, copper cables, microwave links, and satellite links.
➢ In PSTN, the network configurations are virtually static.
➢ The network connections may be changed when a subscriber changes residence.
➢ It requires reprogramming at the local Central Office (CO) of the subscriber.
➢ Fixed networks are difficult to change.
➢ Wireless networks are highly dynamic.
➢ The network configuration is being rearranged every time a subscriber moves into the coverage region
of a different base station.
➢ Wireless networks must reconfigure themselves for users, within seconds to provide roaming and
invisible handoffs between calls.
➢ In fixed networks, the available channel bandwidth can be increased by installing high capacity cables
(fiber optic or coaxial cable).
➢ But, wireless networks are constrained by the very small RF cellular bandwidth, provided for each user.
5.2.1 The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
3. Illustrate the Public Switched Telephone Network with relevant architectural diagrams.
➢ The PSTN is a highly integrated communications network that connects over 70% of the world's
inhabitants.
➢ Each country is responsible for the regulation of the PSTN within its borders.
➢ In the PSTN, each city (i.e., geographic grouping of towns) is called a Local Access and Transport Area
(LATA).
➢ Surrounding LATAs are connected by a company called a local exchange carrier (LEC).
➢ A LEC is a company that provides intraLATA telephone service, and may be a local telephone company
that is regional in scope.
Note: intraLATA - A telephone call within the same LATA (same region).
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