AQA Psychology A Level Issues and
Debates Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Universality - Correct answer-Any underlying characteristic of human beings that
is capable of being applied to all
Ekman (1989) - Correct answer-Argued that facial expressions are an example of
universality
Gender Bias - Correct answer-When one gender is treated in a different way from
another
Androcentrism - Correct answer-When 'normal' behaviour is judged according to a
male standard and so anything which deviates from this is seen as 'abnormal'
PMS is often thought as a stereotype when in fact is a diagnosable disorder under
the DSM-5
Alpha Bias - Correct answer-Psychological theory which suggest a difference
between males and females e.g. Wilson's principle of survival efficacy
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, Beta Bias - Correct answer-Theories that ignore or minimise the differences
between males and females e.g. Freud
Gender Bias - Correct answer-Evaluation: Implications of bias- misleading
assumptions of female behaviour// Sexism within research- more likely to be
published if highlighting differences between males and females// Reflexivity-
psychologists now consider this when conducting research
Cultural Bias - Correct answer-The tendency to ignore the cultural differences and
interpret information through the 'lens' of our own culture ie. in 1992, 64% of the
worlds psychology researchers were American
Ethnocentrism - Correct answer-Judging other cultures by the standards and values
of one's own cultures and in extreme cases the superiority of one e.g. Ainsworth's
strange situation
Cultural Relativism - Correct answer-The idea that norms, values and morals can
only be understood within a specific social and cultural context
Berry (1969) - Correct answer-Distinguished between etic and emic
Etic - Correct answer-Looks at behaviour outside of a culture and attempts to
describe those behaviours as universal
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Debates Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Universality - Correct answer-Any underlying characteristic of human beings that
is capable of being applied to all
Ekman (1989) - Correct answer-Argued that facial expressions are an example of
universality
Gender Bias - Correct answer-When one gender is treated in a different way from
another
Androcentrism - Correct answer-When 'normal' behaviour is judged according to a
male standard and so anything which deviates from this is seen as 'abnormal'
PMS is often thought as a stereotype when in fact is a diagnosable disorder under
the DSM-5
Alpha Bias - Correct answer-Psychological theory which suggest a difference
between males and females e.g. Wilson's principle of survival efficacy
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
, Beta Bias - Correct answer-Theories that ignore or minimise the differences
between males and females e.g. Freud
Gender Bias - Correct answer-Evaluation: Implications of bias- misleading
assumptions of female behaviour// Sexism within research- more likely to be
published if highlighting differences between males and females// Reflexivity-
psychologists now consider this when conducting research
Cultural Bias - Correct answer-The tendency to ignore the cultural differences and
interpret information through the 'lens' of our own culture ie. in 1992, 64% of the
worlds psychology researchers were American
Ethnocentrism - Correct answer-Judging other cultures by the standards and values
of one's own cultures and in extreme cases the superiority of one e.g. Ainsworth's
strange situation
Cultural Relativism - Correct answer-The idea that norms, values and morals can
only be understood within a specific social and cultural context
Berry (1969) - Correct answer-Distinguished between etic and emic
Etic - Correct answer-Looks at behaviour outside of a culture and attempts to
describe those behaviours as universal
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
