UNIT III PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT OCS352 IOT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
UNIT III
PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT
IOT Protocols - IPv6, 6LoWPAN, MQTT, CoAP - RFID, Wireless Sensor Networks, Big Data
Analytics, Cloud Computing, Embedded Systems.
3.1 IOT Protocols
3.1.1 Importance of IoT Protocols
3.1.2 Classification of IOT Protocols
3.1.3 IOT network protocols
3.2 IPv6
3.2.1 Components in Address Format 3.2.4 Types of IPv6 Address
3.2.3 Need For IPv6 3.2.5 Advantages of IPv6
3.2.3 Addressing Methods 3.2.6 Disadvantages of IPV6
3.3 6LoWPAN
3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.5 Features of 6LoWPAN
3.3.2 Three different kinds of LoWPANs 3.3.6 Advantages of 6LoWPAN
3.3.3 Security and Interoperability with 6LoWPAN 3.3.7 Disadvantages of 6LoWPAN
3.3.4 Basic Requirements of 6LoWPAN 3.3.8 Applications of 6LoWPAN
3.4 MQTT
3.5 CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
3.5.1 Introduction to CoAP
3.5.2 Features of CoAP Protocol 3.5.7 Difference between COAP and MQTT
3.5.3 CoAP Architecture protocols
3.5.4 CoAP Message Format | CoAP Header 3.5.8 Advantages of the CoAP protocol
3.5.6 CoAP Protocol Message Exchanges 3.5.9 Applications of the CoAP protocol
3.6 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
3.6.1 Introduction to RFID 3.6.7 Frequency Bands
3.6.2 Types of RFID 3.6.8 Challenges of RFID
3.6.3 Working Principle of RFID 3.6.7 Application of RFID
3.6.4 Working of RFID System 3.6.8 Advantages of RFID
3.6.5 Features of RFID 3.6.9 Disadvantages of RFID
3.6.6 RFID Standards
3.7 Wireless Sensor Networks
3.7.1 Introduction to WSN 3.7.6 Challenges of WSN
3.7.2 Wireless Sensor Network Architecture 3.7.7 Components of WSN
3.7.3 WSN Network Topologies 3.7.8 Advantages
3.7.4 Types of Wireless Sensor Networks 3.7.9 Disadvantages
3.7.5 Applications of WSN
3.8 Big Data Analytics
3.8.1 Types Of IoT Data Analytics 3.8.6 Implementing IOT Analytics in An
3.8.2 combination of IOT, big data analytics & IOT Organization
3.8.3 Need for IOT analytics 3.8.7 Applications of IoT analytics use cases
3.8.4 Business Benefits of IOT Analytics across various industries
3.8.5 Technical Benefits of IOT In Analytics
3.9 Cloud Computing
3.9.1 Architecture of Cloud Computing Cloud Computing
3.9.2 Types of Cloud Computing Services 3.9.6 Top leading Cloud Computing companies
3.9.3 Cloud Deployment Models 3.9.7 Advantages of Cloud Computing
3.9.4 Characteristics of Cloud Computing 3.9.10 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
3.9.5 Top Reasons to Switch from On-premise to 3.9.11 Cloud Security
1
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
, UNIT III PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT OCS352 IOT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
3.9.12 Applications of Cloud Computing
3.10 Embedded Systems
3.10.1 Definition of Embedded System 3.10.4 characteristics of embedded systems in IOT
3.10.2 Key components of an embedded system 3.10.5 Examples of Embedded Systems In IOT
3.10.3 Role of embedded systems in IOT 3.10.6 Challenges in Embedded Systems for IOT
*****
3.1 IOT PROTOCOLS:
Explain in detail about IOT Protocols.
➢ The Internet of Things (lo) is about the network of sensor devices to the web in real-time.
➢ loT devices communicate with each other Over the network, so certain standards and rules need to be
set to determine how data is exchanged.
➢ These rules are called IoT Network Protocols.
➢ The wireless hardware’s used in IoT are the nodes and the base stations.
➢ Nodes or clients are the devices that connect to the base stations.
➢ Base stations are the routers or gateways. In this topic discuss about the protocols used between these
devices.
3.1.1 Importance of IoT Protocols
➢ The ability to interact with each other and resolve common problems is what separates lot devices
from traditional computers.
➢ These interactions are only possible if there is a medium or means of communication in the loT
ecosystem.
➢ The loT protocols are thus a common "language" that allows devices to interact with other Iot devices.
➢ The loT protocols lay down standards that are adopted in every loT ecosystem for proper functioning
and to avoid security threats.
3.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IOT PROTOCOLS
IoT protocols are briefly classified into two types:
(a) Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
(b) Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
(a) Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
➢ MQTT is one of the prime loT protocols.
➢ MQTT protocol is a type of loT communication protocol that is famous and is gaining popularity due
to its transportation of messages through the publish/subscribe messaging.
➢ It is lightweight machines and easily transfers data between two or more machines.
➢ Devices share information through a broker or server.
➢ Download the broker in your PC, MAC, and Linux system or in Raspberry pic.
➢ The most common brokers available in the market these days are HIVEMQ and Mosquito.
➢ MQTT is different to the regular client-server model. It divides clients into two groups.
➢ MQTT brokers act as a mediator and pass on the messages from the clients (publishers in MQTT) to
the consumers who receive data on the other end(MQTT subscriber).
2
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
, UNIT III PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT OCS352 IOT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
Figure: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
➢ Base stations such as LPWAN receive messages from a sensor.
➢ The base station publishes the message on the MQTT broker.
➢ The broker passes on or forwards the message through the TCP/IP protocols.
➢ Only those devices that subscribe to the given topic receive the messages.
(b) Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
➢ JPMorgan Chase& Co founded the AMQP protocol in 2003.
➢ This is an important protocol in loT.
➢ It offers exchange of data within the network and it is open TCP/IP protocol.
➢ AMQP focuses mainly on banking systems and other businesses.
➢ It uses cither the request-response messaging or the publisher-subscriber model.
➢ Publishers generate messages and consumers at the other end pick those messages to process them.
➢ Message brokers make sure that the right message goes to the right consumer.
➢ The brokers uses two components to achieve this as shown in the diagram:
❖ Exchange
❖ Queues
➢ A publisher posts a message and exchange forwards the message. Queues pick up the message and
pass it to the correct consumer. This depends on the device configuration.
➢ AMQP 1s reliable, safe and guarantees message transfer to the destination. It also acknowledges the
receiving of messages. AMQP protocol supports extensibility.
(c) Data Distribution Service
3
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
, UNIT III PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT OCS352 IOT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
Figure: Data Distribution Service
➢ DDS is a widely used protocol in IoT due to its versatility and extensible nature.
➢ It does not depends on middlemen for communication and it directly connects sensor to other devices
for open communication.
➢ DDS finds large uses in loT.
➢ Users can easily tackle large amounts of data coming from devices and process this data and then
produce quick results.
➢ DDS gives rise to quick results, smart decisions, revenue and lesser costs.
➢ DDS mainly revolves around data and it knows how to transfer data from one messaging point to
another.
➢ In message-centric middleware, programmers write code for sending messages where as in data-
centric middleware, programmers write code on how and where to share data value DDS ensure secure
message transfer and data sharing.
(d) Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
4
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
UNIT III
PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT
IOT Protocols - IPv6, 6LoWPAN, MQTT, CoAP - RFID, Wireless Sensor Networks, Big Data
Analytics, Cloud Computing, Embedded Systems.
3.1 IOT Protocols
3.1.1 Importance of IoT Protocols
3.1.2 Classification of IOT Protocols
3.1.3 IOT network protocols
3.2 IPv6
3.2.1 Components in Address Format 3.2.4 Types of IPv6 Address
3.2.3 Need For IPv6 3.2.5 Advantages of IPv6
3.2.3 Addressing Methods 3.2.6 Disadvantages of IPV6
3.3 6LoWPAN
3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.5 Features of 6LoWPAN
3.3.2 Three different kinds of LoWPANs 3.3.6 Advantages of 6LoWPAN
3.3.3 Security and Interoperability with 6LoWPAN 3.3.7 Disadvantages of 6LoWPAN
3.3.4 Basic Requirements of 6LoWPAN 3.3.8 Applications of 6LoWPAN
3.4 MQTT
3.5 CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
3.5.1 Introduction to CoAP
3.5.2 Features of CoAP Protocol 3.5.7 Difference between COAP and MQTT
3.5.3 CoAP Architecture protocols
3.5.4 CoAP Message Format | CoAP Header 3.5.8 Advantages of the CoAP protocol
3.5.6 CoAP Protocol Message Exchanges 3.5.9 Applications of the CoAP protocol
3.6 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
3.6.1 Introduction to RFID 3.6.7 Frequency Bands
3.6.2 Types of RFID 3.6.8 Challenges of RFID
3.6.3 Working Principle of RFID 3.6.7 Application of RFID
3.6.4 Working of RFID System 3.6.8 Advantages of RFID
3.6.5 Features of RFID 3.6.9 Disadvantages of RFID
3.6.6 RFID Standards
3.7 Wireless Sensor Networks
3.7.1 Introduction to WSN 3.7.6 Challenges of WSN
3.7.2 Wireless Sensor Network Architecture 3.7.7 Components of WSN
3.7.3 WSN Network Topologies 3.7.8 Advantages
3.7.4 Types of Wireless Sensor Networks 3.7.9 Disadvantages
3.7.5 Applications of WSN
3.8 Big Data Analytics
3.8.1 Types Of IoT Data Analytics 3.8.6 Implementing IOT Analytics in An
3.8.2 combination of IOT, big data analytics & IOT Organization
3.8.3 Need for IOT analytics 3.8.7 Applications of IoT analytics use cases
3.8.4 Business Benefits of IOT Analytics across various industries
3.8.5 Technical Benefits of IOT In Analytics
3.9 Cloud Computing
3.9.1 Architecture of Cloud Computing Cloud Computing
3.9.2 Types of Cloud Computing Services 3.9.6 Top leading Cloud Computing companies
3.9.3 Cloud Deployment Models 3.9.7 Advantages of Cloud Computing
3.9.4 Characteristics of Cloud Computing 3.9.10 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
3.9.5 Top Reasons to Switch from On-premise to 3.9.11 Cloud Security
1
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
, UNIT III PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT OCS352 IOT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
3.9.12 Applications of Cloud Computing
3.10 Embedded Systems
3.10.1 Definition of Embedded System 3.10.4 characteristics of embedded systems in IOT
3.10.2 Key components of an embedded system 3.10.5 Examples of Embedded Systems In IOT
3.10.3 Role of embedded systems in IOT 3.10.6 Challenges in Embedded Systems for IOT
*****
3.1 IOT PROTOCOLS:
Explain in detail about IOT Protocols.
➢ The Internet of Things (lo) is about the network of sensor devices to the web in real-time.
➢ loT devices communicate with each other Over the network, so certain standards and rules need to be
set to determine how data is exchanged.
➢ These rules are called IoT Network Protocols.
➢ The wireless hardware’s used in IoT are the nodes and the base stations.
➢ Nodes or clients are the devices that connect to the base stations.
➢ Base stations are the routers or gateways. In this topic discuss about the protocols used between these
devices.
3.1.1 Importance of IoT Protocols
➢ The ability to interact with each other and resolve common problems is what separates lot devices
from traditional computers.
➢ These interactions are only possible if there is a medium or means of communication in the loT
ecosystem.
➢ The loT protocols are thus a common "language" that allows devices to interact with other Iot devices.
➢ The loT protocols lay down standards that are adopted in every loT ecosystem for proper functioning
and to avoid security threats.
3.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IOT PROTOCOLS
IoT protocols are briefly classified into two types:
(a) Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
(b) Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
(a) Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
➢ MQTT is one of the prime loT protocols.
➢ MQTT protocol is a type of loT communication protocol that is famous and is gaining popularity due
to its transportation of messages through the publish/subscribe messaging.
➢ It is lightweight machines and easily transfers data between two or more machines.
➢ Devices share information through a broker or server.
➢ Download the broker in your PC, MAC, and Linux system or in Raspberry pic.
➢ The most common brokers available in the market these days are HIVEMQ and Mosquito.
➢ MQTT is different to the regular client-server model. It divides clients into two groups.
➢ MQTT brokers act as a mediator and pass on the messages from the clients (publishers in MQTT) to
the consumers who receive data on the other end(MQTT subscriber).
2
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
, UNIT III PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT OCS352 IOT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
Figure: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
➢ Base stations such as LPWAN receive messages from a sensor.
➢ The base station publishes the message on the MQTT broker.
➢ The broker passes on or forwards the message through the TCP/IP protocols.
➢ Only those devices that subscribe to the given topic receive the messages.
(b) Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
➢ JPMorgan Chase& Co founded the AMQP protocol in 2003.
➢ This is an important protocol in loT.
➢ It offers exchange of data within the network and it is open TCP/IP protocol.
➢ AMQP focuses mainly on banking systems and other businesses.
➢ It uses cither the request-response messaging or the publisher-subscriber model.
➢ Publishers generate messages and consumers at the other end pick those messages to process them.
➢ Message brokers make sure that the right message goes to the right consumer.
➢ The brokers uses two components to achieve this as shown in the diagram:
❖ Exchange
❖ Queues
➢ A publisher posts a message and exchange forwards the message. Queues pick up the message and
pass it to the correct consumer. This depends on the device configuration.
➢ AMQP 1s reliable, safe and guarantees message transfer to the destination. It also acknowledges the
receiving of messages. AMQP protocol supports extensibility.
(c) Data Distribution Service
3
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
, UNIT III PROTOCOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND IOT OCS352 IOT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
Figure: Data Distribution Service
➢ DDS is a widely used protocol in IoT due to its versatility and extensible nature.
➢ It does not depends on middlemen for communication and it directly connects sensor to other devices
for open communication.
➢ DDS finds large uses in loT.
➢ Users can easily tackle large amounts of data coming from devices and process this data and then
produce quick results.
➢ DDS gives rise to quick results, smart decisions, revenue and lesser costs.
➢ DDS mainly revolves around data and it knows how to transfer data from one messaging point to
another.
➢ In message-centric middleware, programmers write code for sending messages where as in data-
centric middleware, programmers write code on how and where to share data value DDS ensure secure
message transfer and data sharing.
(d) Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
4
Prepared by: Mr. S. Parthiban, M. Tech., (Ph. D.), Asst. Prof., VRSCET.
