,TESTBANK FOR Developmentally Appropriate
Curriculum Best Practices in Early Childhood
Education, 8th edition Kostelnik
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Chapter 1
Test Item File
Developmentally Appropriate
Curriculum: Best Effective
Practices in Early Childhood
Education
8th Edition
Marjorie Kostelnik
University of Nebraska
Anne Soderman
Michigan State University
Alice Whiren
Michigan State University
Michelle L. Rupiper
University of Nebraska
,This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning.
Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web)
will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials
from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using
the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to
abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and
the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Product Manager: Drew Bennett
Content Analyst: Brooke Nethers
Content Producer: Janelle Rogers
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights
Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected
by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For
information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within
the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please visit
www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may
appear in this work are the property of their respective owners, and any references to
third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or
descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship,
endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such
marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc., or its
affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors.
ii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Developmentally Appropriate Practice: An Evolving Framework For
Teaching Young Children 1
Learning Outcome Quizzes 1
Application Exercise 9
Test Items 18
Test Answer Key 24
iii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Chapter 1: Developmentally Appropriate Practice: An
Evolving Framework for Teaching Young Children
Chapter 1 Learning Outcome Quizzes
Learning Outcomes:
1.1 Explain the importance of early childhood education and professionalism in the
field.
1.2 Define developmentally appropriate practice.
1.3 Explain the need for DAP.
1.4 Discuss the historic influences and empirical support for DAP.
1.5 Differentiate among early childhood programs.
1.6 Discuss ongoing issues regarding DAP and how this relates to professional
practice.
[Q1]
Emil’s parents have had difficulties finding a high-quality early educational program for
him. Which of the following statements is least likely to be accurate in this situation?
1. Emil and his family are recent immigrants to the United States and speak a language
other than English.
2. Emil and his family belong to a marginalized racial or cultural group.
3. Emil has a significant disability.
4. Emil’s parents are working professionals in an upper-middle class tax bracket.
[correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Unfortunately, equity and access to early care and education are often challenging for
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Unfortunately, equity and access to early care and education are often challenging for
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Unfortunately, equity and access to early care and education are often challenging for
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
1
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
Difficulty accessing high-quality early childhood education is most common among
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
[Q2]
Which of the following best describes developmentally appropriate practice?
1. Teachers follow a standard curriculum to cover essential components.
2. Teachers focus on meeting children where they are versus where they believe they
ought to be. [correct]
3. Teachers use the child’s age as the primary factor in determining if activities are
developmentally appropriate.
4. Teachers working with the same age group will implement activities and practices in
a very similar manner to one another.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
There is no set DAP curriculum. DAP involves the use of action-oriented practices and
provides a framework to make decisions about how and what to teach young children.
Teachers using DAP consider commonality, individuality, and context when making
decisions on behalf of children.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
Individuality, commonality, and context influence the decisions teachers make when
they use DAP.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Age is a factor in determining DAP, but it must be used in conjunction with knowledge of
child development, understanding of children’s social and cultural contexts, and
familiarity with children’s individual strengths and areas of need.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Every teacher must tailor instruction to the needs of their students, considering
information about child development, individual children’s strengths and needs, and
understanding of children’s social and cultural contexts.
[Q3]
Which of the following statements about the role of judgment in developmentally
appropriate practice is false?
1. Judgments involve interpretations.
2. Judgments are based, in part, on what teachers know about child development.
2
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,3. Judgments are informed by what teachers know about children’s family and
community relationships.
4. Two properly trained teachers would make the same judgment about a given
situation. [correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
This statement is true. Teachers’ decisions about developmentally appropriate practice
depend on their interpretations of commonality, individuality, and context for the children
being taught.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
This statement is true. In addition to having a deep understanding of child development,
teachers must also consider children’s individual strengths and needs and demonstrate
respect for children’s social and cultural lives.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
This statement is true. Knowing and understanding children’s individual and community
contexts is key to making effective judgments.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
It’s possible for two teachers to make different but equally effective judgments. When
teachers align their practice with their knowledge of child development and learning,
take into account individual students’ strengths and needs, and demonstrate respect for
children’s social and cultural lives, they are likely to make sound judgments.
[Q4]
Which of the following statements does not reflect a reason for the growing importance
of early childhood education to families and society in recent years?
1. People have become more aware of how critical early learning experiences are to
school success and lifelong learning.
2. More families are seeking educational experiences for their children prior to the start
of mandatory schooling.
3. The federal government has mandated that all states provide children from birth
through kindergarten with a free, appropriate, public education. [correct]
4. Society has begun to recognize the long-lasting economic and social benefits of
early childhood education.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Children whose early years emphasize high-quality learning and social experiences
tend to be more successful in school and throughout their lives.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
3
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,As families become more aware of the benefits of high-quality early childhood
educational experiences, demand has increased.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 3]
The federal government has not made a mandate of this nature.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
The positive outcomes associated with high-quality early childhood educational
programing are driving an increase in demand for services.
[Q5]
Which of the following statistics is accurate?
1. The number of children living in two-parent households has increased in recent
years.
2. Among all children under 18 in the United States, 21% live in low-income
circumstances.
3. The majority of poor children live in families who rely solely on public assistance to
meet their basic needs.
4. In many parts of the country, up to 50% of the birth-to-age-8 population speaks a
language other than English. [correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
In fact, the number of families led by single parents has increased.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Forty-one percent of children are considered to live in low-income circumstances, and
one in five (20%) are considered to be living in poverty.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
More than two-thirds of poor children live in families with at least one working family
member.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
Racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity has increased substantially in the United State
over the last 40 years.
[Q6]
Early childhood educators must adhere to an ethical code of conduct that has been
formally approved within the field. While particulars may vary, all ethics codes share
certain characteristics. Which of the following commitments is least likely to be required
by a code of ethics?
4
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, 1. Maintaining the confidentiality of students and families.
2. Providing safe and beneficial experiences.
3. Treating all people with respect.
4. Becoming involved in a professional organization for early childhood educators.
[correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Early childhood educators must ensure that they are protecting any and all information
about students and their families.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Providing safe and beneficial experiences is one of the core elements of an early
childhood education code of ethics.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
All people, regardless of sex, race, culture, religion, and ability, must be afforded
respect and treated with dignity.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
While early childhood educators are certainly encouraged (and would benefit from!)
belonging to one or more professional organizations, this expectation is not typically
included in a code of ethics.
[Q7]
Which of the following examples best reflects the notion of pushdown curricula?
1. Ms. Ibrahim differentiates learning experiences based on her students’ individual
strengths and needs.
2. Mr. Talent, the child care center director, encourages all members of the program
staff to use developmentally appropriate practice.
3. One of Ms. Blankenship’s goals for her four-year-old students is to be able to write a
complete sentence. [correct]
4. Ms. Coltrain engages in professional development activities to increase her
knowledge of child development and learning theory.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Meeting students where they are and differentiating their experiences is an element of
developmentally appropriate practice and does not reflect pushdown curricula.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
5
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Curriculum Best Practices in Early Childhood
Education, 8th edition Kostelnik
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Chapter 1
Test Item File
Developmentally Appropriate
Curriculum: Best Effective
Practices in Early Childhood
Education
8th Edition
Marjorie Kostelnik
University of Nebraska
Anne Soderman
Michigan State University
Alice Whiren
Michigan State University
Michelle L. Rupiper
University of Nebraska
,This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning.
Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web)
will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials
from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using
the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to
abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and
the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Product Manager: Drew Bennett
Content Analyst: Brooke Nethers
Content Producer: Janelle Rogers
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights
Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected
by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For
information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within
the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please visit
www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may
appear in this work are the property of their respective owners, and any references to
third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or
descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship,
endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such
marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc., or its
affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors.
ii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Developmentally Appropriate Practice: An Evolving Framework For
Teaching Young Children 1
Learning Outcome Quizzes 1
Application Exercise 9
Test Items 18
Test Answer Key 24
iii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Chapter 1: Developmentally Appropriate Practice: An
Evolving Framework for Teaching Young Children
Chapter 1 Learning Outcome Quizzes
Learning Outcomes:
1.1 Explain the importance of early childhood education and professionalism in the
field.
1.2 Define developmentally appropriate practice.
1.3 Explain the need for DAP.
1.4 Discuss the historic influences and empirical support for DAP.
1.5 Differentiate among early childhood programs.
1.6 Discuss ongoing issues regarding DAP and how this relates to professional
practice.
[Q1]
Emil’s parents have had difficulties finding a high-quality early educational program for
him. Which of the following statements is least likely to be accurate in this situation?
1. Emil and his family are recent immigrants to the United States and speak a language
other than English.
2. Emil and his family belong to a marginalized racial or cultural group.
3. Emil has a significant disability.
4. Emil’s parents are working professionals in an upper-middle class tax bracket.
[correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Unfortunately, equity and access to early care and education are often challenging for
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Unfortunately, equity and access to early care and education are often challenging for
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Unfortunately, equity and access to early care and education are often challenging for
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
1
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
Difficulty accessing high-quality early childhood education is most common among
families of color, families who speak a language other than English, and families whose
children have disabilities.
[Q2]
Which of the following best describes developmentally appropriate practice?
1. Teachers follow a standard curriculum to cover essential components.
2. Teachers focus on meeting children where they are versus where they believe they
ought to be. [correct]
3. Teachers use the child’s age as the primary factor in determining if activities are
developmentally appropriate.
4. Teachers working with the same age group will implement activities and practices in
a very similar manner to one another.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
There is no set DAP curriculum. DAP involves the use of action-oriented practices and
provides a framework to make decisions about how and what to teach young children.
Teachers using DAP consider commonality, individuality, and context when making
decisions on behalf of children.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
Individuality, commonality, and context influence the decisions teachers make when
they use DAP.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Age is a factor in determining DAP, but it must be used in conjunction with knowledge of
child development, understanding of children’s social and cultural contexts, and
familiarity with children’s individual strengths and areas of need.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Every teacher must tailor instruction to the needs of their students, considering
information about child development, individual children’s strengths and needs, and
understanding of children’s social and cultural contexts.
[Q3]
Which of the following statements about the role of judgment in developmentally
appropriate practice is false?
1. Judgments involve interpretations.
2. Judgments are based, in part, on what teachers know about child development.
2
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,3. Judgments are informed by what teachers know about children’s family and
community relationships.
4. Two properly trained teachers would make the same judgment about a given
situation. [correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
This statement is true. Teachers’ decisions about developmentally appropriate practice
depend on their interpretations of commonality, individuality, and context for the children
being taught.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
This statement is true. In addition to having a deep understanding of child development,
teachers must also consider children’s individual strengths and needs and demonstrate
respect for children’s social and cultural lives.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
This statement is true. Knowing and understanding children’s individual and community
contexts is key to making effective judgments.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
It’s possible for two teachers to make different but equally effective judgments. When
teachers align their practice with their knowledge of child development and learning,
take into account individual students’ strengths and needs, and demonstrate respect for
children’s social and cultural lives, they are likely to make sound judgments.
[Q4]
Which of the following statements does not reflect a reason for the growing importance
of early childhood education to families and society in recent years?
1. People have become more aware of how critical early learning experiences are to
school success and lifelong learning.
2. More families are seeking educational experiences for their children prior to the start
of mandatory schooling.
3. The federal government has mandated that all states provide children from birth
through kindergarten with a free, appropriate, public education. [correct]
4. Society has begun to recognize the long-lasting economic and social benefits of
early childhood education.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Children whose early years emphasize high-quality learning and social experiences
tend to be more successful in school and throughout their lives.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
3
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,As families become more aware of the benefits of high-quality early childhood
educational experiences, demand has increased.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 3]
The federal government has not made a mandate of this nature.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
The positive outcomes associated with high-quality early childhood educational
programing are driving an increase in demand for services.
[Q5]
Which of the following statistics is accurate?
1. The number of children living in two-parent households has increased in recent
years.
2. Among all children under 18 in the United States, 21% live in low-income
circumstances.
3. The majority of poor children live in families who rely solely on public assistance to
meet their basic needs.
4. In many parts of the country, up to 50% of the birth-to-age-8 population speaks a
language other than English. [correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
In fact, the number of families led by single parents has increased.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Forty-one percent of children are considered to live in low-income circumstances, and
one in five (20%) are considered to be living in poverty.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
More than two-thirds of poor children live in families with at least one working family
member.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
Racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity has increased substantially in the United State
over the last 40 years.
[Q6]
Early childhood educators must adhere to an ethical code of conduct that has been
formally approved within the field. While particulars may vary, all ethics codes share
certain characteristics. Which of the following commitments is least likely to be required
by a code of ethics?
4
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, 1. Maintaining the confidentiality of students and families.
2. Providing safe and beneficial experiences.
3. Treating all people with respect.
4. Becoming involved in a professional organization for early childhood educators.
[correct]
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Early childhood educators must ensure that they are protecting any and all information
about students and their families.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Providing safe and beneficial experiences is one of the core elements of an early
childhood education code of ethics.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
All people, regardless of sex, race, culture, religion, and ability, must be afforded
respect and treated with dignity.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
While early childhood educators are certainly encouraged (and would benefit from!)
belonging to one or more professional organizations, this expectation is not typically
included in a code of ethics.
[Q7]
Which of the following examples best reflects the notion of pushdown curricula?
1. Ms. Ibrahim differentiates learning experiences based on her students’ individual
strengths and needs.
2. Mr. Talent, the child care center director, encourages all members of the program
staff to use developmentally appropriate practice.
3. One of Ms. Blankenship’s goals for her four-year-old students is to be able to write a
complete sentence. [correct]
4. Ms. Coltrain engages in professional development activities to increase her
knowledge of child development and learning theory.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Meeting students where they are and differentiating their experiences is an element of
developmentally appropriate practice and does not reflect pushdown curricula.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
5
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
