,TESTBANK FOR Educational Research Planning,
Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and
Qualitative Research, 7th edition Creswell
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank
Educational Research: Planning,
Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative
and Qualitative Research
Seventh Edition
John W. Creswell
Timothy C. Guetterman
,This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely
for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student
learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the
World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted.
The work and materials from it should never be made available to students
except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All
recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to
honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors
who rely on these materials.
Product Manager: Drew Bennett
Content Analyst: Brooke Nethers
Content Producer: Shruti Joshi
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights
Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the
appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions
department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
PEARSON is exclusive trademark owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates
in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that
may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners, and any
references to third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for
demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to
imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s
products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and
Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors.
ii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches 1
Learning Outcome Quizzes 1
Application Exercises 9
Test Items 13
Test Bank Answer Key 18
iii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Chapter 1: The Process of Conducting Research Using
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Learning Outcome Quizzes
Learning Objective 1.1: Define and describe the importance of educational research.
[Q1]
The general steps of research in correct order are
1. Collect data, develop hypotheses, present an answer to the question.
2. Analyze data, pose a question about the data, present an answer to the question.
3. Search the literature, review the literature, summarize in a report.
4. Pose a question, collect data, present an answer to the question. [correct]
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Collect data, develop hypotheses, present an answer to the question is not the correct order for
research steps.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Research does not begin with analysis of data.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Research involves more than searching, reviewing, and summarizing the literature.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4 (correct)]
At a general level, research consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the
question, and present an answer to the question.
[Q2]
How is a school counselor most likely to use research?
1. To determine evidence-based approaches for school counseling. [correct]
2. To find ideas to conduct research projects.
3. To resolve a debate about the school’s policies.
4. To find the most effective approach for students with autism.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1 (correct)]
Educational research can indeed be used to explore different perspectives in policy decisions.
Although the research may not point definitively to a particular solution, policy makers and legislators
can gain perspective on the issues by studying the existing research or by commissioning new
research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Other researchers are more likely to read research to gain new ideas.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Policy makers and administrators are typically more interested in policy issues.
1
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Research can help school counselors decide an approach to use but is often definitive enough to find
the single best approach, especially in new areas of inquiry.
Learning Objective 1.2: Describe the six steps in the process of research.
[Q3]
The most important consideration when identifying a research problem is
1. determining how to disseminate your findings to practitioners.
2. locating subjects to participate.
3. specifying the issue to be studied. [correct]
4. ensuring that the topic has not been studied before.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Figuring out how to share results is a consideration that should be made much later in the research
process.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Although locating subjects who will participate in the study is important, it is not the primary concern
in specifying a research problem.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3 (correct)]
The first step of research is to identify specifically what to examine.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Much of educational research explores topics that have been studied before in some way; replication
and further exploration deepen our understandings of educational practices.
[Q4]
In a research report, where does the statement of the problem typically appear?
1. Methods
2. Introduction [correct]
3. Results
4. Discussion
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
The methods section provides the overall approach to study the problem, but does not provide and
justify the problem itself.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2 (correct)]
The statement of the problem is in the introductory section of a research report and provides a
rationale for the importance of the study.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
The results in a research report are focused on the results of the analysis for the research study.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Although the discussion may include mention of how the study contributes or addressed the problem,
the statement of the problem does not appear in this section.
2
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,[Q5]
Manny is interested in investigating predictors of spatial skills in middle school students. He spends
time reviewing the relevant research in this area and setting his goal for research. What would be the
next step in the scientific method?
1. Making a prediction that resolves the problem [correct]
2. Identifying and defining the problem
3. Gathering data
4. Interpret the data
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1 (correct)]
Making a prediction (i.e., pose a hypothesis) is the next step in the scientific method.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Manny has already identified the problem and set goals.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Gathering data is not the next step that follows reviewing relevant research and setting a goal for
research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Analyzing and interpreting the data comes later in the process.
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research in
the six steps.
[Q6]
Of the following description of research, the one most aligned with quantitative methods is
1. studying an interesting phenomenon in the context in which it naturally occurs.
2. communicating the results of the study in a loosely structured report that uses informal language
to engage the reader.
3. using a research design that changes as narrative data are collected and analyzed.
4. studying a large number of participants as a detached, objective observer. [correct]
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Quantitative research does not typically occur in the context or setting in which it naturally occurs.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Quantitative reports follow a structured pattern.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Quantitative research designs are typically fixed.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4 (correct)]
The degree of interaction with participants is usually low for quantitative research, and the researcher
seeks a larger number of participants.
3
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,Learning Objective 1.4: Identify the type of research designs associated with quantitative and
qualitative research.
[Q7]
Which of the following is the best example of a purpose statement in qualitative research?
1. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health issues and educational
transitions of children with autism.
2. The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of parents of children with autism.
[correct]
3. The purpose of this study is to test a social skills intervention for children with autism.
4. The purpose of this study is to examine the perspectives of teachers towards children with autism
through a national representative sample.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Quantitative research focuses on examining the relationships among variables.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2 (correct)]
More general and broad purpose statements, such as understanding experiences, are associated
with qualitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Quantitative research is best suited to testing interventions to examine their outcomes.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Research using a national representative sample, such as survey methods, are better suited for
quantitative approaches.
[Q8]
Which of the following topics is a quantitative study of nutrition in schools more likely to focus on?
1. The process of healthy eating.
2. A literature review of nutrition in schools.
3. Variables that predict healthy eating. [correct]
4. The meaning of eating healthy to students.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Describing a process is more qualitative.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
The literature review is part of the research process but not a focus of research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3 (correct)]
Quantitative researchers might investigate how variables surrounding healthy eating relate to one
another.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Exploring an idea like the meaning of healthy eating is qualitatively focused.
4
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, [Q9]
Which of the following is best investigated with qualitative research?
1. Assessing achievement levels in math versus science at a high school.
2. Exploring the cultural contexts of schooling practices in a West African nation. [correct]
3. Tracking smoking incidence of high school juniors in Ottawa County.
4. Identifying the relationship between SAT score and college achievement.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
This investigation calls for quantitative rather than qualitative research. Remember, investigating and
explaining relationships among variables is associated with quantitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2 (correct)]
When a study seeks to explore a central phenomenon and present a picture of that phenomenon, the
study is generally qualitative in nature.
Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
This investigation seeks to measure incidence, so it reflects a quantitative study. If the study sought
to explore why students smoke, the study would be qualitative in nature.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
This study seeks to explain relationships among variables—a hallmark of quantitative research.
[Q10]
Which of the following is best investigated with quantitative research?
1. Track the level of alcohol use by students at universities. [correct]
2. Identify important themes from interviews of Illinois state legislators on the House Education
Committee.
3. Study the daily lives of socioeconomically disadvantaged urban youth in Chicago.
4. Explore the meaning of waiting for a liver transplant.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1 (correct)]
This study involves measurement and is likely to result in numerical data; it is quantitative in nature.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Interviews and identification of themes are practices associated with qualitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Investigating and reporting observations of participants’ daily lives is done through qualitative rather
than quantitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
This study is likely to produce a “word picture” of the experiences of its participants; this sort of study
is qualitative in nature.
[Q11]
Identifying whether per-student district funding rates are associated with cognitive and affective
outcomes, controlling for parental income, would best be accomplished by a(n)
1. experimental design.
2. narrative design.
5
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and
Qualitative Research, 7th edition Creswell
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank
Educational Research: Planning,
Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative
and Qualitative Research
Seventh Edition
John W. Creswell
Timothy C. Guetterman
,This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely
for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student
learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the
World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted.
The work and materials from it should never be made available to students
except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All
recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to
honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors
who rely on these materials.
Product Manager: Drew Bennett
Content Analyst: Brooke Nethers
Content Producer: Shruti Joshi
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights
Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the
appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions
department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
PEARSON is exclusive trademark owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates
in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that
may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners, and any
references to third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for
demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to
imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s
products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and
Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates, authors, licensees, or distributors.
ii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches 1
Learning Outcome Quizzes 1
Application Exercises 9
Test Items 13
Test Bank Answer Key 18
iii
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, Chapter 1: The Process of Conducting Research Using
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Learning Outcome Quizzes
Learning Objective 1.1: Define and describe the importance of educational research.
[Q1]
The general steps of research in correct order are
1. Collect data, develop hypotheses, present an answer to the question.
2. Analyze data, pose a question about the data, present an answer to the question.
3. Search the literature, review the literature, summarize in a report.
4. Pose a question, collect data, present an answer to the question. [correct]
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Collect data, develop hypotheses, present an answer to the question is not the correct order for
research steps.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Research does not begin with analysis of data.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Research involves more than searching, reviewing, and summarizing the literature.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4 (correct)]
At a general level, research consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the
question, and present an answer to the question.
[Q2]
How is a school counselor most likely to use research?
1. To determine evidence-based approaches for school counseling. [correct]
2. To find ideas to conduct research projects.
3. To resolve a debate about the school’s policies.
4. To find the most effective approach for students with autism.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1 (correct)]
Educational research can indeed be used to explore different perspectives in policy decisions.
Although the research may not point definitively to a particular solution, policy makers and legislators
can gain perspective on the issues by studying the existing research or by commissioning new
research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Other researchers are more likely to read research to gain new ideas.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Policy makers and administrators are typically more interested in policy issues.
1
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Research can help school counselors decide an approach to use but is often definitive enough to find
the single best approach, especially in new areas of inquiry.
Learning Objective 1.2: Describe the six steps in the process of research.
[Q3]
The most important consideration when identifying a research problem is
1. determining how to disseminate your findings to practitioners.
2. locating subjects to participate.
3. specifying the issue to be studied. [correct]
4. ensuring that the topic has not been studied before.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Figuring out how to share results is a consideration that should be made much later in the research
process.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Although locating subjects who will participate in the study is important, it is not the primary concern
in specifying a research problem.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3 (correct)]
The first step of research is to identify specifically what to examine.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Much of educational research explores topics that have been studied before in some way; replication
and further exploration deepen our understandings of educational practices.
[Q4]
In a research report, where does the statement of the problem typically appear?
1. Methods
2. Introduction [correct]
3. Results
4. Discussion
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
The methods section provides the overall approach to study the problem, but does not provide and
justify the problem itself.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2 (correct)]
The statement of the problem is in the introductory section of a research report and provides a
rationale for the importance of the study.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
The results in a research report are focused on the results of the analysis for the research study.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Although the discussion may include mention of how the study contributes or addressed the problem,
the statement of the problem does not appear in this section.
2
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,[Q5]
Manny is interested in investigating predictors of spatial skills in middle school students. He spends
time reviewing the relevant research in this area and setting his goal for research. What would be the
next step in the scientific method?
1. Making a prediction that resolves the problem [correct]
2. Identifying and defining the problem
3. Gathering data
4. Interpret the data
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1 (correct)]
Making a prediction (i.e., pose a hypothesis) is the next step in the scientific method.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Manny has already identified the problem and set goals.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Gathering data is not the next step that follows reviewing relevant research and setting a goal for
research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Analyzing and interpreting the data comes later in the process.
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research in
the six steps.
[Q6]
Of the following description of research, the one most aligned with quantitative methods is
1. studying an interesting phenomenon in the context in which it naturally occurs.
2. communicating the results of the study in a loosely structured report that uses informal language
to engage the reader.
3. using a research design that changes as narrative data are collected and analyzed.
4. studying a large number of participants as a detached, objective observer. [correct]
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Quantitative research does not typically occur in the context or setting in which it naturally occurs.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Quantitative reports follow a structured pattern.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Quantitative research designs are typically fixed.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4 (correct)]
The degree of interaction with participants is usually low for quantitative research, and the researcher
seeks a larger number of participants.
3
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
,Learning Objective 1.4: Identify the type of research designs associated with quantitative and
qualitative research.
[Q7]
Which of the following is the best example of a purpose statement in qualitative research?
1. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health issues and educational
transitions of children with autism.
2. The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of parents of children with autism.
[correct]
3. The purpose of this study is to test a social skills intervention for children with autism.
4. The purpose of this study is to examine the perspectives of teachers towards children with autism
through a national representative sample.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Quantitative research focuses on examining the relationships among variables.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2 (correct)]
More general and broad purpose statements, such as understanding experiences, are associated
with qualitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Quantitative research is best suited to testing interventions to examine their outcomes.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Research using a national representative sample, such as survey methods, are better suited for
quantitative approaches.
[Q8]
Which of the following topics is a quantitative study of nutrition in schools more likely to focus on?
1. The process of healthy eating.
2. A literature review of nutrition in schools.
3. Variables that predict healthy eating. [correct]
4. The meaning of eating healthy to students.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
Describing a process is more qualitative.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
The literature review is part of the research process but not a focus of research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3 (correct)]
Quantitative researchers might investigate how variables surrounding healthy eating relate to one
another.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
Exploring an idea like the meaning of healthy eating is qualitatively focused.
4
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
, [Q9]
Which of the following is best investigated with qualitative research?
1. Assessing achievement levels in math versus science at a high school.
2. Exploring the cultural contexts of schooling practices in a West African nation. [correct]
3. Tracking smoking incidence of high school juniors in Ottawa County.
4. Identifying the relationship between SAT score and college achievement.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1]
This investigation calls for quantitative rather than qualitative research. Remember, investigating and
explaining relationships among variables is associated with quantitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2 (correct)]
When a study seeks to explore a central phenomenon and present a picture of that phenomenon, the
study is generally qualitative in nature.
Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
This investigation seeks to measure incidence, so it reflects a quantitative study. If the study sought
to explore why students smoke, the study would be qualitative in nature.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
This study seeks to explain relationships among variables—a hallmark of quantitative research.
[Q10]
Which of the following is best investigated with quantitative research?
1. Track the level of alcohol use by students at universities. [correct]
2. Identify important themes from interviews of Illinois state legislators on the House Education
Committee.
3. Study the daily lives of socioeconomically disadvantaged urban youth in Chicago.
4. Explore the meaning of waiting for a liver transplant.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 1 (correct)]
This study involves measurement and is likely to result in numerical data; it is quantitative in nature.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 2]
Interviews and identification of themes are practices associated with qualitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 3]
Investigating and reporting observations of participants’ daily lives is done through qualitative rather
than quantitative research.
[Feedback to Answer Choice 4]
This study is likely to produce a “word picture” of the experiences of its participants; this sort of study
is qualitative in nature.
[Q11]
Identifying whether per-student district funding rates are associated with cognitive and affective
outcomes, controlling for parental income, would best be accomplished by a(n)
1. experimental design.
2. narrative design.
5
Copyright © 2025, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
