D265 CRITICAL THINKING EXAM FINAL REVIEW WITH WELL DETAILED SOLUTIONS
|GRADED A+
What are the different types of inferences?
Deductive, inductive, abductive
What is the distinction between deductive and inductive inferences?
Inductive reasoning is a bottom-up approach, while deductive reasoning is a top-down
approach
Deduction
Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion
Deduction Examples
Mathmatical arguments, logical arguments, arguments from definition
Induction
Arguments where the premises make the conclusion probable
Induction Examples
Analogies, authority, casual inferences, scientific reasoning, explorations
,Inference to the best explanation or abduction
Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation.
How is truth connected to propositions?
By corresponding to a way the world is
Valid Argument
An argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises.
Invalid Argument
An argument that is not valid
Truth
The complete accuracy of whatever was, is, or will be, error-proof, beyond doubt, dispute
or debate, a final test of right or wrong of people's ideas and beliefs
Validitiy
The internal consistency of an argument
, Soundness
Both structure and truth: you must have a good structure and true premises to make a
sound argument
Why is it good for an argument to be valid?
Valid arguments preserve truth
How does the technical notion of "validity" differ from the everyday use of the world?
Whether a test measures what it aims to measure
Some arguments are such that the premises of the argument entail its conclusion, which
means that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
What are such arguments called?
- Inductive arguments
- Abductive arguments
- Fallacious arguments
- Valid arguments
Valid Arguments
Everyone who lives in Los Angeles lives in California. Everyone who lives in California lives
in the United States. Therefore, everyone who lives in Los Angeles lives in the United States.
Which terms categorize this deductive argument?
|GRADED A+
What are the different types of inferences?
Deductive, inductive, abductive
What is the distinction between deductive and inductive inferences?
Inductive reasoning is a bottom-up approach, while deductive reasoning is a top-down
approach
Deduction
Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion
Deduction Examples
Mathmatical arguments, logical arguments, arguments from definition
Induction
Arguments where the premises make the conclusion probable
Induction Examples
Analogies, authority, casual inferences, scientific reasoning, explorations
,Inference to the best explanation or abduction
Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation.
How is truth connected to propositions?
By corresponding to a way the world is
Valid Argument
An argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises.
Invalid Argument
An argument that is not valid
Truth
The complete accuracy of whatever was, is, or will be, error-proof, beyond doubt, dispute
or debate, a final test of right or wrong of people's ideas and beliefs
Validitiy
The internal consistency of an argument
, Soundness
Both structure and truth: you must have a good structure and true premises to make a
sound argument
Why is it good for an argument to be valid?
Valid arguments preserve truth
How does the technical notion of "validity" differ from the everyday use of the world?
Whether a test measures what it aims to measure
Some arguments are such that the premises of the argument entail its conclusion, which
means that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
What are such arguments called?
- Inductive arguments
- Abductive arguments
- Fallacious arguments
- Valid arguments
Valid Arguments
Everyone who lives in Los Angeles lives in California. Everyone who lives in California lives
in the United States. Therefore, everyone who lives in Los Angeles lives in the United States.
Which terms categorize this deductive argument?
