TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th
Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2025-2026
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not
inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes
that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and
potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes
are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the
Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
,during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking
their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the
cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
membrane.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase
(G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of
DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized
in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and
enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th
Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2025-2026
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not
inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg.CenO M
peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes
that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and
potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes
are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the
Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
,during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking
their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the
cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
membrane.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase
(G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of
DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized
in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis
occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and
enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
