EXAM 1 BIOS 242 FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS
2025
1. DNA is replicated in the ___ Ans nucleus
2. RNA is replicated in the ___ Ans cytoplasm
3. what is the first step in viral replication? Ans penetration/adhesion (attaches to
membrane using spikes)
4.
5. what is the second step in viral replication? Ans uncoating
6.
7. what is the third step in viral replication? Ans replication
8.
9. what is the fourth step in viral replication? Ans assembly
10. what is the fifth step in viral replication? Ans maturation
11. what is the sixth step in viral replication? Ans release (release the protein that has
the viral components so it infects more cells)
12. what are the four types of archaea? Ans methanogens, hyperthemophile,
psychrophile, halophiles
, EXAM 1 BIOS 242- CHAMBERLAIN
13. what are characteristics of a methanogen? Ans CO2 with methane
14. where are methanogens found? Ans swamps, landfill
15. what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile? Ans loves high temperature
16. where are hyperthermophiles found? Ans volcano
17. what are characteristics of a psychrophile? Ans survives in cold temperatures
18. where are psychrophiles found? Ans ice caps
19.
20. what are characteristics of a halophile? Ans survives in salt environments
21. where are halophiles found? Ans salt lake
22. This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce methane,
what is it? Ans methanogen
23. This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments Ans hyperthemophile
, EXAM 1 BIOS 242- CHAMBERLAIN
24. during a gram stain, the presence of ____ gives a purple stain Ans peptidoglycan
25. why is gram negative bacteria pink? Ans outer membrane is weakened
26. what do gram negative bacteria have Ans porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-
phospholipid outer membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.
27. what do gram positive bacteria have Ans lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan
cell wall
28. what are the four different types of structures microorganisms can use for
movement, adherence, or mating? Ans fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia
29. what is fimbriae used for? Ans adhesion
30. what is pilus used for? Ans mating/conjugation
31. what is flagella used for? Ans movement
28 what is cilia used for? Ans movement
2025
1. DNA is replicated in the ___ Ans nucleus
2. RNA is replicated in the ___ Ans cytoplasm
3. what is the first step in viral replication? Ans penetration/adhesion (attaches to
membrane using spikes)
4.
5. what is the second step in viral replication? Ans uncoating
6.
7. what is the third step in viral replication? Ans replication
8.
9. what is the fourth step in viral replication? Ans assembly
10. what is the fifth step in viral replication? Ans maturation
11. what is the sixth step in viral replication? Ans release (release the protein that has
the viral components so it infects more cells)
12. what are the four types of archaea? Ans methanogens, hyperthemophile,
psychrophile, halophiles
, EXAM 1 BIOS 242- CHAMBERLAIN
13. what are characteristics of a methanogen? Ans CO2 with methane
14. where are methanogens found? Ans swamps, landfill
15. what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile? Ans loves high temperature
16. where are hyperthermophiles found? Ans volcano
17. what are characteristics of a psychrophile? Ans survives in cold temperatures
18. where are psychrophiles found? Ans ice caps
19.
20. what are characteristics of a halophile? Ans survives in salt environments
21. where are halophiles found? Ans salt lake
22. This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce methane,
what is it? Ans methanogen
23. This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments Ans hyperthemophile
, EXAM 1 BIOS 242- CHAMBERLAIN
24. during a gram stain, the presence of ____ gives a purple stain Ans peptidoglycan
25. why is gram negative bacteria pink? Ans outer membrane is weakened
26. what do gram negative bacteria have Ans porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-
phospholipid outer membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.
27. what do gram positive bacteria have Ans lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan
cell wall
28. what are the four different types of structures microorganisms can use for
movement, adherence, or mating? Ans fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia
29. what is fimbriae used for? Ans adhesion
30. what is pilus used for? Ans mating/conjugation
31. what is flagella used for? Ans movement
28 what is cilia used for? Ans movement
