Foundations of Periodontics for the Dental
Hygienist 6TH edition Jill S. Gehrig TESTBANK
4 Tissues of the Periodontium - 1. Gingiva
2. PDL
3. Cementum
4. Alveolar bone
Gingiva: three functions - 1) Provides a tissue seal around cervical neck of tooth
2) Covers alveolar processes
3) Holds tissue tight against tooth during mastication
Cementum: function - Anchors ends of PDL fibers to the tooth, helping maintain tooth in
the socket
Periodontal Ligament: two functions - Suspends and maintains the tooth in its socket
Alveolar Bone: two functions - Surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth
Knowledge of the periodontium in health allows us to understand what 3 things? - 1)
normal function 2) disease prevention 3) pathogenesis of periodontal disease
Gingiva is ________________ to the CEJ, attached to the tooth by _____, and has a
thin outer _____________, underlying _____________ tissue. - · Coronal, JE,
epithelium, connective
Four anatomical areas of gingiva; - o Free gingiva
o Gingival Sulcus
o Interdental Gingiva
o Attached Gingiva
Masticatory mucosa; tissue type(s)? - keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified
squamous epithelium (depends on location)
,Defense mechanism of the oral cavity? - Saliva and the immune system
Free gingiva is also called what two names? - "unattached", "marginal"
Free gingiva forms the _______ tissue wall of the sulcus? - lateral
Free gingiva is ________ to the CEJ? - Coronal
Free gingiva attaches to the tooth at the base by the ____? - JE
Free gingiva follows the ________ of teeth, is _________. - curve, scalloped
Coronal boundary of the free gingiva is the ____? - · Thin, rounded edge coronally is
the gingival margin
Apical boundary of the free gingiva is the ____? - Attached gingiva at the Free gingival
groove (not clinically visible)
The attached gingiva is ______ with the free gingiva; - Continuous
Tightly bound to cementum on cervical third of the root and the periosteum of alveolar
bone proper - Attached Gingiva
Attached gingiva is widest at ________ and ________ - incisors, molars
Where can you not measure the width of the attached gingiva? - the palate because a
clinical demarcation is not possible
Can be pigmented due to melanin; called "physiologic pigmentation" - Attached gingiva
Texture on the _________________ can be stippled (40% of people) or not; - Attached
gingiva
Attached gingiva functions; two - allows gingival issue to withstand mechanical forces,
prevents free gingiva from being pulled away apically from tooth when tension is applied
to the alveolar mucosa
Interdental gingiva location - Fills embrasure space between adjacent teeth
Interdental gingiva can be stippled, true or false? - True. · Can be stippled, or not.
Interdental gingiva consists of ____ papilla(e)? - Consists of two papillae; lingual, facial
Lateral borders and tip of the interdental gingiva are formed by __________? - free
gingiva
,______ is formed by attached gingiva, in between the facial and lingual papillae, below
the contact; - Col
Interdental papilla function; - prevents food from becoming packed between teeth
Gingival sulcus is the _____ between the _______ and the _________ - space, tooth,
free gingiva
Gingival sulcus is ______-shaped space around neck of tooth - V
Gingival sulcus base is the ____ - JE
GCF stands for? - (gingival crevicular fluid)
GCF ______________ in disease and inflammation - increases
The Col is _________ to contact area - apical
Cementum - Definition; thin layer of hard mineralized CT that covers the root surface, is
attached to the dentin
Cementum color is __________, and is ________ than enamel and dentin - Light
yellow, softer
Cementum (composition) - · Bone-like tissue, more resistant to resorption than bone.
What makes it possible for teeth to be moved during orthodontic treatment without root
resorption
Cementum (repair/resorption) - · Undergoes continuous, slow process of resorption and
repair throughout life. New _________ is made and existing ________________ can
repair itself (to an extent)
Cementum ___________ in thickness over life, and is relatively _____________ to
extrinsic dyes - Increases, permeable
4 Functions of Cementum; - 1. Give attachment to the collagen fibers of the PDL
2. Anchors PDL fibers (terminal ends known as Sharpey Fibers)
3. Protects underlying dentin and seals ends of dentinal tubules
4. Compensates for tooth wear at the occlusal/incisal surface
Hypercementosis - Excessive deposition of cementum. Can obstruct the apical
foramen. Usually radiopaque.
PDL - Layer of soft CT covers root of tooth and attaches it to alveolar bone proper
5 fiber groups of the PDL; IAOHA
, like "aloha" but fancier - Interradicular, Apical, Oblique, Horizontal, Alveolar Crest Group
PDL is composed of _________ _________ CT. PDL fibers attach to _________ of root
and _______ ________ _______. - Dense fibrous, cementum, alveolar bone proper
5 Functions of the PDL; SSFNR
"Some sing for no reason" - 1. Supportive: suspends and maintains tooth in socket
2. Sensory: sensory feeling to tooth; pressure, pain
3. Formative: builds/maintains cementum and alveolar bone of the tooth socket via
specialized cells (fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts)
4. Nutritive: provides nutrients to cementum and alveolar bone
5. Remodeling: can remodel alveolar bone in response to pressure, such as is applied
during orthodontic treatment (braces, clear aligners)
Bone of upper/lower jaw that surrounds, supports, protects roots of teeth - Alveolar
Bone
Alveolar bone is composed of __________________ CT - Mineralized
Existence is dependent on presence of teeth; will not develop if teeth do not erupt and
will resorb if teeth are extracted/fall out - Alveolar bone
Soft CT covering outer surface of bone; outer later of collagenous tissue, inner elastic
fibers - Periosteum
What are the three layers of hard tissue in the jaws? - 1. Alveolar bone proper
containing the alveolus (the bony socket) in the alveolar process region
2. Cortical bone (cortical plate) layer of compact bone forming outer shell of the
mandible/maxilla on the facial and lingual aspects. (buccal cortical bone is thickest in
the molar region)
3. Cancellous bone (spongy bone), which is the lattice-like bone that fills the interior
portion of the alveolar processes. Is mostly seen interproximally. Higher quantity in
maxilla than in mandible. Supports alveolar bone proper.
The radiopaque line seen around the radiolucent PDL space is called the ___________
- Lamina Dura
_________________ containing the _____________ (the bony socket) in the alveolar
process region - Alveolar bone proper, alveolus
_____________ layer of compact bone forming outer shell of the mandible/maxilla on
the facial and lingual aspects. - Cortical bone (cortical plate)
Buccal cortical bone is thickest in the _____________region - molar
Hygienist 6TH edition Jill S. Gehrig TESTBANK
4 Tissues of the Periodontium - 1. Gingiva
2. PDL
3. Cementum
4. Alveolar bone
Gingiva: three functions - 1) Provides a tissue seal around cervical neck of tooth
2) Covers alveolar processes
3) Holds tissue tight against tooth during mastication
Cementum: function - Anchors ends of PDL fibers to the tooth, helping maintain tooth in
the socket
Periodontal Ligament: two functions - Suspends and maintains the tooth in its socket
Alveolar Bone: two functions - Surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth
Knowledge of the periodontium in health allows us to understand what 3 things? - 1)
normal function 2) disease prevention 3) pathogenesis of periodontal disease
Gingiva is ________________ to the CEJ, attached to the tooth by _____, and has a
thin outer _____________, underlying _____________ tissue. - · Coronal, JE,
epithelium, connective
Four anatomical areas of gingiva; - o Free gingiva
o Gingival Sulcus
o Interdental Gingiva
o Attached Gingiva
Masticatory mucosa; tissue type(s)? - keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified
squamous epithelium (depends on location)
,Defense mechanism of the oral cavity? - Saliva and the immune system
Free gingiva is also called what two names? - "unattached", "marginal"
Free gingiva forms the _______ tissue wall of the sulcus? - lateral
Free gingiva is ________ to the CEJ? - Coronal
Free gingiva attaches to the tooth at the base by the ____? - JE
Free gingiva follows the ________ of teeth, is _________. - curve, scalloped
Coronal boundary of the free gingiva is the ____? - · Thin, rounded edge coronally is
the gingival margin
Apical boundary of the free gingiva is the ____? - Attached gingiva at the Free gingival
groove (not clinically visible)
The attached gingiva is ______ with the free gingiva; - Continuous
Tightly bound to cementum on cervical third of the root and the periosteum of alveolar
bone proper - Attached Gingiva
Attached gingiva is widest at ________ and ________ - incisors, molars
Where can you not measure the width of the attached gingiva? - the palate because a
clinical demarcation is not possible
Can be pigmented due to melanin; called "physiologic pigmentation" - Attached gingiva
Texture on the _________________ can be stippled (40% of people) or not; - Attached
gingiva
Attached gingiva functions; two - allows gingival issue to withstand mechanical forces,
prevents free gingiva from being pulled away apically from tooth when tension is applied
to the alveolar mucosa
Interdental gingiva location - Fills embrasure space between adjacent teeth
Interdental gingiva can be stippled, true or false? - True. · Can be stippled, or not.
Interdental gingiva consists of ____ papilla(e)? - Consists of two papillae; lingual, facial
Lateral borders and tip of the interdental gingiva are formed by __________? - free
gingiva
,______ is formed by attached gingiva, in between the facial and lingual papillae, below
the contact; - Col
Interdental papilla function; - prevents food from becoming packed between teeth
Gingival sulcus is the _____ between the _______ and the _________ - space, tooth,
free gingiva
Gingival sulcus is ______-shaped space around neck of tooth - V
Gingival sulcus base is the ____ - JE
GCF stands for? - (gingival crevicular fluid)
GCF ______________ in disease and inflammation - increases
The Col is _________ to contact area - apical
Cementum - Definition; thin layer of hard mineralized CT that covers the root surface, is
attached to the dentin
Cementum color is __________, and is ________ than enamel and dentin - Light
yellow, softer
Cementum (composition) - · Bone-like tissue, more resistant to resorption than bone.
What makes it possible for teeth to be moved during orthodontic treatment without root
resorption
Cementum (repair/resorption) - · Undergoes continuous, slow process of resorption and
repair throughout life. New _________ is made and existing ________________ can
repair itself (to an extent)
Cementum ___________ in thickness over life, and is relatively _____________ to
extrinsic dyes - Increases, permeable
4 Functions of Cementum; - 1. Give attachment to the collagen fibers of the PDL
2. Anchors PDL fibers (terminal ends known as Sharpey Fibers)
3. Protects underlying dentin and seals ends of dentinal tubules
4. Compensates for tooth wear at the occlusal/incisal surface
Hypercementosis - Excessive deposition of cementum. Can obstruct the apical
foramen. Usually radiopaque.
PDL - Layer of soft CT covers root of tooth and attaches it to alveolar bone proper
5 fiber groups of the PDL; IAOHA
, like "aloha" but fancier - Interradicular, Apical, Oblique, Horizontal, Alveolar Crest Group
PDL is composed of _________ _________ CT. PDL fibers attach to _________ of root
and _______ ________ _______. - Dense fibrous, cementum, alveolar bone proper
5 Functions of the PDL; SSFNR
"Some sing for no reason" - 1. Supportive: suspends and maintains tooth in socket
2. Sensory: sensory feeling to tooth; pressure, pain
3. Formative: builds/maintains cementum and alveolar bone of the tooth socket via
specialized cells (fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts)
4. Nutritive: provides nutrients to cementum and alveolar bone
5. Remodeling: can remodel alveolar bone in response to pressure, such as is applied
during orthodontic treatment (braces, clear aligners)
Bone of upper/lower jaw that surrounds, supports, protects roots of teeth - Alveolar
Bone
Alveolar bone is composed of __________________ CT - Mineralized
Existence is dependent on presence of teeth; will not develop if teeth do not erupt and
will resorb if teeth are extracted/fall out - Alveolar bone
Soft CT covering outer surface of bone; outer later of collagenous tissue, inner elastic
fibers - Periosteum
What are the three layers of hard tissue in the jaws? - 1. Alveolar bone proper
containing the alveolus (the bony socket) in the alveolar process region
2. Cortical bone (cortical plate) layer of compact bone forming outer shell of the
mandible/maxilla on the facial and lingual aspects. (buccal cortical bone is thickest in
the molar region)
3. Cancellous bone (spongy bone), which is the lattice-like bone that fills the interior
portion of the alveolar processes. Is mostly seen interproximally. Higher quantity in
maxilla than in mandible. Supports alveolar bone proper.
The radiopaque line seen around the radiolucent PDL space is called the ___________
- Lamina Dura
_________________ containing the _____________ (the bony socket) in the alveolar
process region - Alveolar bone proper, alveolus
_____________ layer of compact bone forming outer shell of the mandible/maxilla on
the facial and lingual aspects. - Cortical bone (cortical plate)
Buccal cortical bone is thickest in the _____________region - molar
