Exam 1: NSG530 / NSG 530 (Latest 2025 / 2026) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A – Wilkes.

Exam 1: NSG530 / NSG 530 (Latest 2025 /
2026) Advanced Pathophysiology |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A – Wilkes.

Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he
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suffers a myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left
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ventricle has suffered lethal cell injury. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with
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myocardial cells, are significantly elevated. What is the best
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explanation for this? i,- i,-




a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their
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cytoplasmic contents into the blood. i,- i,- i,- i,-




b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial
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cells i,-




c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing
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hypertrophy.
d. None of the above.
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If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for
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examination from Mr. Forbes, which of the following findings i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



would indicate irreversible cell injury?
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a. cellular swelling
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,b. decreased ATP production
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c. decreased intracellular calcium
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d. dissolution of nuclear material
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The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy
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production results from which of the following?
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a. increased intracellular glucose
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b. increased anaerobic metabolism
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c. decreased metabolic rate
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d. increased oxidative phosphorylation
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A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps
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and has lost all his equipment and supplies in an avalanche.
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Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to impaired ATP
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production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of the
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following?
a. enzyme inhibition
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b. uncoupling
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c. hypoxia
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d. none of the above
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- C

,An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle
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cerebral artery. The brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes
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hypoxic. The best explanation for this is which of the following?
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a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
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b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
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c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces
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oxygen content in the blood i,- i,- i,- i,-




d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia
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Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells
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can result in fat accumulation. Which of the following problems
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results in increased mobilization of free fatty acids?
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a. anemia
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b. hepatic toxins
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c. starvation
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d. hypoxia
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Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism
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in cells. Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
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a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
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b. decreased arterial pH
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c. more effective ATP production
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, d. increased pH inside cells
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- B


There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive
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destruction of RBCs. This increase in RBC destruction can lead to
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which of the following?
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a. hypoxia
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b. hypobilirubinemia
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c. an increase in platelets
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d. all of the above
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Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid
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hormones. This will lead to ____________ of the thyroid gland.
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a. atrophy
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b. hypertrophy
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c. dysplasia
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d. metaplasia
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A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the
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country and 1,000 people contract the disease yearly. The
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population of the country is 4,500,000. Which of the following
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statements is correct? i,- i,-




a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%.
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