RD Exam - EN & PN with Accurate
Solutions
define enteral nutrition (EN) - ANS-when nutrition is provided to the gut when a person
cannot consume sufficient (or any) nutrition on their own
what are the 5 main indications for enteral nutrition? - ANS-1.Protein-energy
malnutrition and inadequate oral nutrient intake for ≥ 5 days
2.Meeting < 50% of nutrient needs for 5 -7 days
3.Severe dysphagia
4.Coma
5.Low output enterocutaneous fistula
define dysphasia - ANS-difficulty swallowing
How is dysphagia diagnosed? - ANS-patient history
signs and symptoms
videofluoroscopy / swallow test
name some contraindications for EN - ANS-1.Intestinal obstruction, ileus, or
hypomotility
2.Severe diarrhea or vomiting
3.Severe hemodynamic instability
4.Major upper GI bleeding
5.Prognosis doesn't warrant aggressive nutrition support
6.High output enterocutaneous fistula
Define ileus - ANS-occurs when there is a non-mechanical decrease or stoppage of the
flow of intestinal contents
what are the signs and symptoms of shock - ANS-Low blood pressure.
, Altered mental state, including reduced alertness and awareness, confusion, and
sleepiness.
Cold, moist skin.
Hands and feet may be blue or pale.
Weak or rapid pulse.
Rapid breathing and hyperventilation.
Decreased urine output.
what are the 2 parts of the EN tube types? - ANS-where the tube goes and where the
tube ends
define nasogastric (NG) - ANS-Flexible tube is fed through the nose, down the back of
throat,and terminates in the stomach. OK to use for a few week
define Nasoduodenal (ND) and Nasojejunal (NJ) - ANS-Flexible tube is fed through the
nose, down the back of the throat, and terminates in the small intestine.
OK to use for a few weeks
define Gastrostomy and jejunostomy - ANS-surgically placed directly into stomach or
jejunum. By making an incision in the abdominal wall (stoma) and is usually done during
another pre-planned surgery.
Used if EN needed for more than a few weeks, cannot have a tube through the mouth
or throat, or vomit frequently (which would displace NG, ND, or NJ tubes).
define Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) & percutaneous endoscopic
jejunostomy (PEJ) - ANS-lighted endoscope fed through the mouth down into the
stomach(or jejunum) to guide where the abdominal incision is made and to guide
placement of the G-tube or J-tube once inserted in the incision.
PEG/PEJ tubes can last months or years.
with which EN tube is aspiration an issue? - ANS-PEG tube
define PEG-J tube - ANS-one where the tube enters the stomach and is fed through to
the jejunum, rather than entering the body directly at the level of the jejunum
does PEG or PEJ tube have higher chance for diarrhea? - ANS-PEJ
Solutions
define enteral nutrition (EN) - ANS-when nutrition is provided to the gut when a person
cannot consume sufficient (or any) nutrition on their own
what are the 5 main indications for enteral nutrition? - ANS-1.Protein-energy
malnutrition and inadequate oral nutrient intake for ≥ 5 days
2.Meeting < 50% of nutrient needs for 5 -7 days
3.Severe dysphagia
4.Coma
5.Low output enterocutaneous fistula
define dysphasia - ANS-difficulty swallowing
How is dysphagia diagnosed? - ANS-patient history
signs and symptoms
videofluoroscopy / swallow test
name some contraindications for EN - ANS-1.Intestinal obstruction, ileus, or
hypomotility
2.Severe diarrhea or vomiting
3.Severe hemodynamic instability
4.Major upper GI bleeding
5.Prognosis doesn't warrant aggressive nutrition support
6.High output enterocutaneous fistula
Define ileus - ANS-occurs when there is a non-mechanical decrease or stoppage of the
flow of intestinal contents
what are the signs and symptoms of shock - ANS-Low blood pressure.
, Altered mental state, including reduced alertness and awareness, confusion, and
sleepiness.
Cold, moist skin.
Hands and feet may be blue or pale.
Weak or rapid pulse.
Rapid breathing and hyperventilation.
Decreased urine output.
what are the 2 parts of the EN tube types? - ANS-where the tube goes and where the
tube ends
define nasogastric (NG) - ANS-Flexible tube is fed through the nose, down the back of
throat,and terminates in the stomach. OK to use for a few week
define Nasoduodenal (ND) and Nasojejunal (NJ) - ANS-Flexible tube is fed through the
nose, down the back of the throat, and terminates in the small intestine.
OK to use for a few weeks
define Gastrostomy and jejunostomy - ANS-surgically placed directly into stomach or
jejunum. By making an incision in the abdominal wall (stoma) and is usually done during
another pre-planned surgery.
Used if EN needed for more than a few weeks, cannot have a tube through the mouth
or throat, or vomit frequently (which would displace NG, ND, or NJ tubes).
define Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) & percutaneous endoscopic
jejunostomy (PEJ) - ANS-lighted endoscope fed through the mouth down into the
stomach(or jejunum) to guide where the abdominal incision is made and to guide
placement of the G-tube or J-tube once inserted in the incision.
PEG/PEJ tubes can last months or years.
with which EN tube is aspiration an issue? - ANS-PEG tube
define PEG-J tube - ANS-one where the tube enters the stomach and is fed through to
the jejunum, rather than entering the body directly at the level of the jejunum
does PEG or PEJ tube have higher chance for diarrhea? - ANS-PEJ
