NRSG 100 Final Exam Review Questions With Complete
Solutions
(Hyper) 10% dextrose in water (D10W) Correct Answer
Supplies 340 cal/L, used in peripheral parenteral nutrition(PPN)
(Hyper) 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl: Correct Answer Used to
maintain fluid intake
(Hyper) 5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl: Correct Answer Used to
treat SIADH, can temporarily be used to treat hypovolemia if
plasma expander is not available.
(Hypo) 0.33% NaCl (1/3 strength of NS): Correct Answer
Provides sodium and chloride plus free water. Allows kidneys to
select and retain needed amounts. Free water desirable as aid to
the kidneys in elimination of solutes. Used in treating
hypernatremia.
(Hypo) 0.45% NaCl (1/2 strength of NS): Correct Answer
hypotonic solution that provides sodium and chloride and free
water. Used as a basic fluid for maintenance meds. Often used to
treat hypernatremia (because this solution contains a small
amount of Na and it dilutes the plasma sodium while not
allowing it to drop too rapidly).
(I) 0.9% NaCL (NS): Correct Answer not desirable as a
routine maintenance solution because it only has sodium and
chloride in excessive amounts. Used to temporarily expand the
extracellular compartment. Used to treat hypovolemia,
,metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypochloremia. Used to
deliver blood.
(I) 5% Dextrose in water (D5W): Correct Answer calories and
free water, used in fluid loss, dehydration and hypernatremia
NOT USED in excessive volumes (No sodium in solution), can
cause brain swelling, or hyponatremic encephalopathy, can
cause death.
(I) Lactated Ringers (LR's): Correct Answer contains multiple
electrolytes in the same concentrations as the body. Used in
treating hypovolemia, burns and fluid lost from GI sources.
Treats metabolic acidosis.
24 hour urine process Correct Answer Discard the first void,
then collect all urine for the next 24 hours. With no exception, or
you need to start over again. Within the 24 hour period the
collected urine needs to stay chilled.
5 checks when entering the Pt Zone Correct Answer Before
touching the patient, Before a procedure, After working with
bodily fluids, After leaving a room,
Acute Illness - Correct Answer rapid onset of symptoms &
lasts only a relatively short time
Addressing spiritual needs Correct Answer Most pts require
some form of spiritual care. Comfort in support received from
religious faith. Help obtain the services of clergy or pastoral care
workers as the situation indicates. Meet the needs of family
,Advance directives Correct Answer can minimize difficulties
by allowing people to state in advance what their choices would
be for health care should certain circumstances develop.
Advocacy: Correct Answer The protection & support of
another's rights
Age related Pulmonary Risk factors Correct Answer
Decreased elasticity with age decreases compliance, or the lungs
ability to inflate adequately. Weakening of the muscles involved
in respiration can contribute to less effective inhalation and
exhalation. The accessory muscles of the abdomen, neck and
back are used to maintain respiratory movements at times when
breathing is difficult. When these muscles are used it is called
retraction. 1. Decreased gas exchange and increased work of
breathing: decrease elastic recoil of the lungs, expiration
requiring use of accessory muscles, fewer functional capillaries
and more fibrous tissue in alveoli, decreased skeletal muscle
strength in thorax, and the reduction in vital capacity and
increase in residual volume.
Aging: Urine Correct Answer The diminished ability of the
kidneys to concentrate urine may result in Nocturia. Decreased
bladder muscle tone may reduce the capacity of the bladder to
hold urine, Decreased bladder contractility may lead to urine
retention and stasis, Neuromuscular problems, degenerative joint
problems, altered thought processes, Medications, Diuretics,
Sedatives and tranquilizers People who view themselves as old,
powerless, and neglected may cease to value voluntary control
over urination.
, An organism's potential to produce disease in a person depends
on a variety of factors Correct Answer Number of organisms,
Virulence of the organism (ability to cause disease),
Competence of the person's immune system, Length and
intimacy of the contact between the person and the
microorganism,
Anorexia: Correct Answer The lack of appetite, it may be
related to systemic and local diseases, psychosocial causes (fear,
anxiety, depression, pain or impaired ability to smell and taste).
May occur secondary to drug therapy or medical treatments.
Antiviral medications given at the _______ STAGE of certain
viruses can shorten the full stage of the illness. Correct Answer
PRODROMAL
Assessing Spiritual needs with a nursing history: Correct
Answer H: Sources of hope, meaning, comfort, strength peace,
love and connection. O: Organized religion P: personal
spirituality and practice E: effects on medical care and end-of-
life issues
Assessment of pain requires Correct Answer information
form a variety of sources. However, patients are the expert on
their pain and their rating of the pain is the most important.
At risk pulmonary patients RN: Correct Answer encourage
periods of rest, encourage cessation of smoking and second hand
smoke exposure, teach breathing exercises ,remind to avoid air
pollutants, caution about the effects of extreme weather
conditions, instruct to avoid narcotics and sleeping pills, discus
Solutions
(Hyper) 10% dextrose in water (D10W) Correct Answer
Supplies 340 cal/L, used in peripheral parenteral nutrition(PPN)
(Hyper) 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl: Correct Answer Used to
maintain fluid intake
(Hyper) 5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl: Correct Answer Used to
treat SIADH, can temporarily be used to treat hypovolemia if
plasma expander is not available.
(Hypo) 0.33% NaCl (1/3 strength of NS): Correct Answer
Provides sodium and chloride plus free water. Allows kidneys to
select and retain needed amounts. Free water desirable as aid to
the kidneys in elimination of solutes. Used in treating
hypernatremia.
(Hypo) 0.45% NaCl (1/2 strength of NS): Correct Answer
hypotonic solution that provides sodium and chloride and free
water. Used as a basic fluid for maintenance meds. Often used to
treat hypernatremia (because this solution contains a small
amount of Na and it dilutes the plasma sodium while not
allowing it to drop too rapidly).
(I) 0.9% NaCL (NS): Correct Answer not desirable as a
routine maintenance solution because it only has sodium and
chloride in excessive amounts. Used to temporarily expand the
extracellular compartment. Used to treat hypovolemia,
,metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypochloremia. Used to
deliver blood.
(I) 5% Dextrose in water (D5W): Correct Answer calories and
free water, used in fluid loss, dehydration and hypernatremia
NOT USED in excessive volumes (No sodium in solution), can
cause brain swelling, or hyponatremic encephalopathy, can
cause death.
(I) Lactated Ringers (LR's): Correct Answer contains multiple
electrolytes in the same concentrations as the body. Used in
treating hypovolemia, burns and fluid lost from GI sources.
Treats metabolic acidosis.
24 hour urine process Correct Answer Discard the first void,
then collect all urine for the next 24 hours. With no exception, or
you need to start over again. Within the 24 hour period the
collected urine needs to stay chilled.
5 checks when entering the Pt Zone Correct Answer Before
touching the patient, Before a procedure, After working with
bodily fluids, After leaving a room,
Acute Illness - Correct Answer rapid onset of symptoms &
lasts only a relatively short time
Addressing spiritual needs Correct Answer Most pts require
some form of spiritual care. Comfort in support received from
religious faith. Help obtain the services of clergy or pastoral care
workers as the situation indicates. Meet the needs of family
,Advance directives Correct Answer can minimize difficulties
by allowing people to state in advance what their choices would
be for health care should certain circumstances develop.
Advocacy: Correct Answer The protection & support of
another's rights
Age related Pulmonary Risk factors Correct Answer
Decreased elasticity with age decreases compliance, or the lungs
ability to inflate adequately. Weakening of the muscles involved
in respiration can contribute to less effective inhalation and
exhalation. The accessory muscles of the abdomen, neck and
back are used to maintain respiratory movements at times when
breathing is difficult. When these muscles are used it is called
retraction. 1. Decreased gas exchange and increased work of
breathing: decrease elastic recoil of the lungs, expiration
requiring use of accessory muscles, fewer functional capillaries
and more fibrous tissue in alveoli, decreased skeletal muscle
strength in thorax, and the reduction in vital capacity and
increase in residual volume.
Aging: Urine Correct Answer The diminished ability of the
kidneys to concentrate urine may result in Nocturia. Decreased
bladder muscle tone may reduce the capacity of the bladder to
hold urine, Decreased bladder contractility may lead to urine
retention and stasis, Neuromuscular problems, degenerative joint
problems, altered thought processes, Medications, Diuretics,
Sedatives and tranquilizers People who view themselves as old,
powerless, and neglected may cease to value voluntary control
over urination.
, An organism's potential to produce disease in a person depends
on a variety of factors Correct Answer Number of organisms,
Virulence of the organism (ability to cause disease),
Competence of the person's immune system, Length and
intimacy of the contact between the person and the
microorganism,
Anorexia: Correct Answer The lack of appetite, it may be
related to systemic and local diseases, psychosocial causes (fear,
anxiety, depression, pain or impaired ability to smell and taste).
May occur secondary to drug therapy or medical treatments.
Antiviral medications given at the _______ STAGE of certain
viruses can shorten the full stage of the illness. Correct Answer
PRODROMAL
Assessing Spiritual needs with a nursing history: Correct
Answer H: Sources of hope, meaning, comfort, strength peace,
love and connection. O: Organized religion P: personal
spirituality and practice E: effects on medical care and end-of-
life issues
Assessment of pain requires Correct Answer information
form a variety of sources. However, patients are the expert on
their pain and their rating of the pain is the most important.
At risk pulmonary patients RN: Correct Answer encourage
periods of rest, encourage cessation of smoking and second hand
smoke exposure, teach breathing exercises ,remind to avoid air
pollutants, caution about the effects of extreme weather
conditions, instruct to avoid narcotics and sleeping pills, discus
