PBSI 311 EXAM #3 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Consider the case study of Gulf toadfish responses to dolphin sounds. Which of the following
statements is NOT true?
-Male toadfish decrease calling in response to the combination of dolphin pops and whistles.
-Male toadfish decrease calling in response to dolphin pops.
-Male toadfish do not decrease calling in response to dolphin whistles.
-Male toadfish decrease calling in response to snapping shrimp pops. - ANS Male toadfish
decrease calling in response to snapping shrimp pops.
Consider the case study of fleeing behavior in red-eyed treefrog embryos. Which of the
following statements is NOT true?
-Wasp predation leads to earlier hatching.
-Playback of snake attack vibrations leads to earlier hatching.
-Playback of rainstorm vibrations leads to earlier hatching.
-Snake predation leads to earlier hatching. - ANS Playback of rainstorm vibrations leads to
earlier hatching.
The behavioral strategy used by speckled wood butterflies to claim territory is known as:
-war of attrition.
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-antibourgeois.
-sequential assessment.
-bourgeois. - ANS bourgeois
Which of the following would gray treefrogs prefer as an egg-laying site?
-high density of infected pond snails
-high density of uninfected pond snails
-low density of infected pond snails
-low density of uninfected pond snails - ANS low density of uninfected pond snails
Which of the following statements regarding object play is NOT true?
-It involves manipulation of objects such as throwing and pushing.
-It is the same as object exploration.
-It involves inanimate objects such as sticks or leaves.
-It appears to involve learning about what can be done with an object. - ANS It is the same as
object exploration.
Which of the following does NOT usually contribute information about play behavior to young
animals?
-specific order or frequency of actions
-intervention by adult animals
-role reversal
-play markers - ANS intervention by adult animals
Which of the following is NOT a personality trait found in the East Pacific red octopus?
-activity
-reactivity
-conscientiousness
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-avoidance - ANS conscientiousness
Which of the following factors is considered the best indicator of 'leadership' in barnacle geese?
-sex
-dominance
-boldness
-size - ANS boldness
According to Reading #9b, which of the following statements applies to the movement and
defense strategy of the jumping spider, S. collingwoodi? - ANS Rather than being a perfect
mimic of one ant species, it is a general mimic of multiple species.
According to Reading #9a, what did researchers with the Wildlife Conservation Society discover
about alarm call use in female putty-nosed monkeys? - ANS Alarm calling by females ceases
when males make anti-predator defense calls.
According to Reading #9a, all of the following statements about the calls of male putty-nosed
monkeys from Congo are true EXCEPT? - ANS The "kek" call has also been reported in
monkeys from Nigeria.
According to Reading #9b, the jumping spider, S. collingwoodi, uses all of the following to mimic
ant characteristics in order to discourage predators EXCEPT? - ANS Body color
Two examples of antipredator behavior following an encounter are: 1) release of luminescent
'bombs' by deep-sea worms and 2) ground squirrel responses to Snakes. - ANS -Deep sea
worms release glowing fluid filled bombs to scare off predators. Bombs are detachable gills that
glow after release, worms live 2 miles below ocean surface
-Antipredator behaviors of ground squirrels in response to snakes include group mobbing,
throwing dirt/pebbles, and specific snake alarm calls
3 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Know the case study of bomb-releasing deep-sea worms (green bomber worms). What is
thought to be the function of the bombs? What body part do they originate from? Are these
worms thought to be related to mud-dwelling 'bomb-less' worms? - ANS Function is to scare
off predators, they originate from detachable gills
Know the case study of ground squirrel reactions to gopher snakes and rattlesnakes.
Is the prey-predator relationship between the ground squirrel and snakes a recent
one? What 3 types of antipredator behavior used against snakes? How do squirrel
pups deal with the dangers of snakes at first emergence from their burrow? (HINT:
How does the immune system contribute to antipredator defense in squirrel pups?
How is the appearance of this defense timed with respect to pup emergence?) - ANS Snakes
are recognized as predators, confrontations are common, squirrels have defensive responses
including throwing items.
Pups emerge from burrows around 40 days old, venom binding proteins appear in blood of
pops, immune system provides protection from snake bites.
What are the 2 general types of antipredator behavior? - ANS -Avoid detection by predator
-Predator encounter
What are 3 strategies of predator avoidance? - ANS -Blending into environment
-Being quiet
-Choosing safe habits
How does 'blending into the environment' work to protect prey animals? (NOTE:
This strategy is also called 'camouflage' or 'crypsis'; animals are said to be 'camouflaged' or
'cryptic.') Does this strategy always involve behavior? Coat color in the oldfield (or beach)
mouse is considered a genetic form of camouflage - ANS It protects prey animals by reducing
likelihood of detection by predators. Strategy of matching backgrounds is not necessarily based
on behavior.
4 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
100% CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Consider the case study of Gulf toadfish responses to dolphin sounds. Which of the following
statements is NOT true?
-Male toadfish decrease calling in response to the combination of dolphin pops and whistles.
-Male toadfish decrease calling in response to dolphin pops.
-Male toadfish do not decrease calling in response to dolphin whistles.
-Male toadfish decrease calling in response to snapping shrimp pops. - ANS Male toadfish
decrease calling in response to snapping shrimp pops.
Consider the case study of fleeing behavior in red-eyed treefrog embryos. Which of the
following statements is NOT true?
-Wasp predation leads to earlier hatching.
-Playback of snake attack vibrations leads to earlier hatching.
-Playback of rainstorm vibrations leads to earlier hatching.
-Snake predation leads to earlier hatching. - ANS Playback of rainstorm vibrations leads to
earlier hatching.
The behavioral strategy used by speckled wood butterflies to claim territory is known as:
-war of attrition.
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-antibourgeois.
-sequential assessment.
-bourgeois. - ANS bourgeois
Which of the following would gray treefrogs prefer as an egg-laying site?
-high density of infected pond snails
-high density of uninfected pond snails
-low density of infected pond snails
-low density of uninfected pond snails - ANS low density of uninfected pond snails
Which of the following statements regarding object play is NOT true?
-It involves manipulation of objects such as throwing and pushing.
-It is the same as object exploration.
-It involves inanimate objects such as sticks or leaves.
-It appears to involve learning about what can be done with an object. - ANS It is the same as
object exploration.
Which of the following does NOT usually contribute information about play behavior to young
animals?
-specific order or frequency of actions
-intervention by adult animals
-role reversal
-play markers - ANS intervention by adult animals
Which of the following is NOT a personality trait found in the East Pacific red octopus?
-activity
-reactivity
-conscientiousness
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-avoidance - ANS conscientiousness
Which of the following factors is considered the best indicator of 'leadership' in barnacle geese?
-sex
-dominance
-boldness
-size - ANS boldness
According to Reading #9b, which of the following statements applies to the movement and
defense strategy of the jumping spider, S. collingwoodi? - ANS Rather than being a perfect
mimic of one ant species, it is a general mimic of multiple species.
According to Reading #9a, what did researchers with the Wildlife Conservation Society discover
about alarm call use in female putty-nosed monkeys? - ANS Alarm calling by females ceases
when males make anti-predator defense calls.
According to Reading #9a, all of the following statements about the calls of male putty-nosed
monkeys from Congo are true EXCEPT? - ANS The "kek" call has also been reported in
monkeys from Nigeria.
According to Reading #9b, the jumping spider, S. collingwoodi, uses all of the following to mimic
ant characteristics in order to discourage predators EXCEPT? - ANS Body color
Two examples of antipredator behavior following an encounter are: 1) release of luminescent
'bombs' by deep-sea worms and 2) ground squirrel responses to Snakes. - ANS -Deep sea
worms release glowing fluid filled bombs to scare off predators. Bombs are detachable gills that
glow after release, worms live 2 miles below ocean surface
-Antipredator behaviors of ground squirrels in response to snakes include group mobbing,
throwing dirt/pebbles, and specific snake alarm calls
3 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Know the case study of bomb-releasing deep-sea worms (green bomber worms). What is
thought to be the function of the bombs? What body part do they originate from? Are these
worms thought to be related to mud-dwelling 'bomb-less' worms? - ANS Function is to scare
off predators, they originate from detachable gills
Know the case study of ground squirrel reactions to gopher snakes and rattlesnakes.
Is the prey-predator relationship between the ground squirrel and snakes a recent
one? What 3 types of antipredator behavior used against snakes? How do squirrel
pups deal with the dangers of snakes at first emergence from their burrow? (HINT:
How does the immune system contribute to antipredator defense in squirrel pups?
How is the appearance of this defense timed with respect to pup emergence?) - ANS Snakes
are recognized as predators, confrontations are common, squirrels have defensive responses
including throwing items.
Pups emerge from burrows around 40 days old, venom binding proteins appear in blood of
pops, immune system provides protection from snake bites.
What are the 2 general types of antipredator behavior? - ANS -Avoid detection by predator
-Predator encounter
What are 3 strategies of predator avoidance? - ANS -Blending into environment
-Being quiet
-Choosing safe habits
How does 'blending into the environment' work to protect prey animals? (NOTE:
This strategy is also called 'camouflage' or 'crypsis'; animals are said to be 'camouflaged' or
'cryptic.') Does this strategy always involve behavior? Coat color in the oldfield (or beach)
mouse is considered a genetic form of camouflage - ANS It protects prey animals by reducing
likelihood of detection by predators. Strategy of matching backgrounds is not necessarily based
on behavior.
4 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
