Biology 1202 Exam 2 Adam Hrincevich
(Questions and Answers are interchanged, the answers come first ...)
1. Abiotic synthesis what are the sequence of stages that may have produced
of small organic very simple cells through chemical and physical
molecules processed on earth
2. Joining of these
small molecules into
macromolecules
3. Packaging of molecules
into protocells
4. Origin of self-replicating
molecules
4.6 BYA how long ago was Earth formed
Earth was bombarded by what prevented the seas from forming around 4 BYA
rocks and ice vaporized water
which prevented seas from
forming
little oxygen and likely what was earths early atmosphere like
contained water vapor and
chemicals released by volcanic
eruptions
§EX: nitrogen and its oxides,
carbon dioxide, methane,
ammonia, hydrogen
who independtly hypothesized that the early atmosphere
oparin and haldane
was a reducing environment
who showed that the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules
Miller and Urey
in a reducing atmosphere was possible
in reducing conditions near the where were the first organic compounds may have been formed
openings of volcanoes
it found that numerous amino what happened with a reanalysis of Millers experiments
acids formed under
conditions simulating
volcanic eruption
, The experiements of Miller- what is the importance of this picture
Urey was called lightening in
a bottle and they did not
create life, but rather the
building blocks of life
deep sea hydrothermal vents where have organic compounds been found besides volcanic
eruptions
hydrothermal vents areas on the seafloor where hot water and minerals gush from Earth
into the ocean
black smokers §release water at 300-400 C
alkaline vents §release water with high pH (9-11) and warm water (40-90 C)
were alkaline vents or black smokers more suitable for the
alkaline vents
formation of stable organic compounds
besides volcanic eruption and hydrothermal vents what may
meteorites
have been another source of organic molecules
§Fell in Victoria, Australia in 1969
murchison meteorite §It was a documented and directly observes fall
§Relatively large mass (>100 kg)
what is the importance of the murchison meteorite
contains 80+ amino acids, other
key organic molecules, including
lipids, simple sugars, and
nitrogenous bases
replication and metabolism what are key properiteis of life thay may have apperead together in
protocells
fluid-filled vesicles with where may have protocells formed
membrane-like structure
they can spontaneously form what happens to lipids and other organic molecules in water
vesicles iwth a lipid bilayer
increases the rate of vesicle what does montmorillonite do to lipids and other organic molecules in
formation water
montmorillonite a soft mineral clay common on early Earth
§Vesicles show simple growth, why are vesicles important to protocells
reproduction, and metabolism
and can absorb organic
molecules attached to clay
through a selectively
permeable bilayer
Montmorillonite is shown in what is the significance of this picture
the graph speeding up vesicle
formation and protocells may
have been formed from vesicles
RNA not DNA what was likely the first genetic materia
(Questions and Answers are interchanged, the answers come first ...)
1. Abiotic synthesis what are the sequence of stages that may have produced
of small organic very simple cells through chemical and physical
molecules processed on earth
2. Joining of these
small molecules into
macromolecules
3. Packaging of molecules
into protocells
4. Origin of self-replicating
molecules
4.6 BYA how long ago was Earth formed
Earth was bombarded by what prevented the seas from forming around 4 BYA
rocks and ice vaporized water
which prevented seas from
forming
little oxygen and likely what was earths early atmosphere like
contained water vapor and
chemicals released by volcanic
eruptions
§EX: nitrogen and its oxides,
carbon dioxide, methane,
ammonia, hydrogen
who independtly hypothesized that the early atmosphere
oparin and haldane
was a reducing environment
who showed that the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules
Miller and Urey
in a reducing atmosphere was possible
in reducing conditions near the where were the first organic compounds may have been formed
openings of volcanoes
it found that numerous amino what happened with a reanalysis of Millers experiments
acids formed under
conditions simulating
volcanic eruption
, The experiements of Miller- what is the importance of this picture
Urey was called lightening in
a bottle and they did not
create life, but rather the
building blocks of life
deep sea hydrothermal vents where have organic compounds been found besides volcanic
eruptions
hydrothermal vents areas on the seafloor where hot water and minerals gush from Earth
into the ocean
black smokers §release water at 300-400 C
alkaline vents §release water with high pH (9-11) and warm water (40-90 C)
were alkaline vents or black smokers more suitable for the
alkaline vents
formation of stable organic compounds
besides volcanic eruption and hydrothermal vents what may
meteorites
have been another source of organic molecules
§Fell in Victoria, Australia in 1969
murchison meteorite §It was a documented and directly observes fall
§Relatively large mass (>100 kg)
what is the importance of the murchison meteorite
contains 80+ amino acids, other
key organic molecules, including
lipids, simple sugars, and
nitrogenous bases
replication and metabolism what are key properiteis of life thay may have apperead together in
protocells
fluid-filled vesicles with where may have protocells formed
membrane-like structure
they can spontaneously form what happens to lipids and other organic molecules in water
vesicles iwth a lipid bilayer
increases the rate of vesicle what does montmorillonite do to lipids and other organic molecules in
formation water
montmorillonite a soft mineral clay common on early Earth
§Vesicles show simple growth, why are vesicles important to protocells
reproduction, and metabolism
and can absorb organic
molecules attached to clay
through a selectively
permeable bilayer
Montmorillonite is shown in what is the significance of this picture
the graph speeding up vesicle
formation and protocells may
have been formed from vesicles
RNA not DNA what was likely the first genetic materia
