ANTH 1001 LSU- tague (good quizlet)
test 2
1. situation in a population or species where there exist >2 alleles of a gene, and at least 2 alleles
have frequency >1%: polymorphism
2. what is polymorphism due to: natural selection acting on genetic variation caused by
mutation.
3. explain how polymorphism works in the genes: New alleles are produced by mutation. However,
mutation rate for any particular allele is low. Therefore, for a new allele to increase meaningfully
in its frequency in a pop. (i.e., increase to polymorphic level), it has to provide a natural selective
advantage.
4. what percentage of genes are polymorphic: 28%
5. interaction between natural selection and mutation: polymorphism
6. The maintenance of two or more alleles in a pop. due to the selective advantage of the
heterozygote.: balanced polymorphism
7. what is an example of balanced polymorphism: Sickle cell hemoglobin
8. change in one nucleotide), affecting one amino acid in beta chain: point mutation
9. what does hemoglobin consist of: 2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains.
10.how many amino acids are in each alpha chain and beta chain: Each alpha chain has 141 amino
, ANTH 1001 LSU- tague (good quizlet)
test 2
acids; each beta chain has 146 amino acids.
11.what are some health problems with sickle cell disease: Anemia • Poor growth • Problems
with circulation: heart, kidney, brain • Episodic intense pain • Reduced lifespan
12.what are some ameliorate approaches to sickle cell disease: pain med- ication; bone
marrow transplant; new gene therapy to promote formation of fetal hemoglobin
13.what is an example of sickle cell being polymorphic: Frequency of sickle cell allele is 5-15% in
some areas because the heterozygote trait helps fight malaria so the genes have mutated
because of natural selection- polymorphism.
14.caused by parasite transmitted between individuals by mosquito.: malaria
15.why does sickle cell help fight malaria: Heterozygotes for sickle cell have lower rate of
malarial infection compared to homozygotes for "normal" hemoglobin.
16.why do heterozygotes for sickle cell allele have an advantage: Heterozy- gotes for sickle cell
have selective destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). Uninfected RBCs do not sickle; infected
RBCs sickle and kill parasites. • Heterozygotes can conjointly supply oxygen to tissues and
suppress parasitic proliferation.
17.how is sickle cell in malria enviornment an example of balanced polymor- phism: In malarial
environment, heterozygotes for sickle cell have natural selective advantage over homozygotes
for "normal" hemoglobin and sickle cell. Because of heterozygote advantage, alleles for both
"normal" and sickle cell hemoglobin are maintained at high frequencies; this is a balanced
, ANTH 1001 LSU- tague (good quizlet)
test 2
polymorphism.
, ANTH 1001 LSU- tague (good quizlet)
test 2
18.a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land: slash
19.how is slash and burn agriculture related to natural selection: slash and burn is practices then
mosquitos spread which spread human malaria which then spread sickle cell mutation
20.enzyme that allows you to digest lactose, which is a sugar in milk: lactase
21.insufficiency in lactase: lactose inteolerance
22.what are symptoms of lactose intolerance: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, gas
23. what is the chemical name for lactose: lactose is disaccharide: glucose-galac- tose
24.what happens to our bodies ability to digest milk when we grow up: Hu- mans can digest milk
as babies, but most of us lose the ability after weaning.
25.what type of populations are usually lactose tolerant: Pops. with long history of dairying are
generally lactose tolerant.
26.why do population with a long history of dairying usually lactose tolerant-
: Mutation for ability to digest milk as adults would have provided a natural selective advantage.
27.phenotypically different pops. in a species.: polytypism
28.what is polytypism a result of: diversity of environments that we inhabit.
test 2
1. situation in a population or species where there exist >2 alleles of a gene, and at least 2 alleles
have frequency >1%: polymorphism
2. what is polymorphism due to: natural selection acting on genetic variation caused by
mutation.
3. explain how polymorphism works in the genes: New alleles are produced by mutation. However,
mutation rate for any particular allele is low. Therefore, for a new allele to increase meaningfully
in its frequency in a pop. (i.e., increase to polymorphic level), it has to provide a natural selective
advantage.
4. what percentage of genes are polymorphic: 28%
5. interaction between natural selection and mutation: polymorphism
6. The maintenance of two or more alleles in a pop. due to the selective advantage of the
heterozygote.: balanced polymorphism
7. what is an example of balanced polymorphism: Sickle cell hemoglobin
8. change in one nucleotide), affecting one amino acid in beta chain: point mutation
9. what does hemoglobin consist of: 2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains.
10.how many amino acids are in each alpha chain and beta chain: Each alpha chain has 141 amino
, ANTH 1001 LSU- tague (good quizlet)
test 2
acids; each beta chain has 146 amino acids.
11.what are some health problems with sickle cell disease: Anemia • Poor growth • Problems
with circulation: heart, kidney, brain • Episodic intense pain • Reduced lifespan
12.what are some ameliorate approaches to sickle cell disease: pain med- ication; bone
marrow transplant; new gene therapy to promote formation of fetal hemoglobin
13.what is an example of sickle cell being polymorphic: Frequency of sickle cell allele is 5-15% in
some areas because the heterozygote trait helps fight malaria so the genes have mutated
because of natural selection- polymorphism.
14.caused by parasite transmitted between individuals by mosquito.: malaria
15.why does sickle cell help fight malaria: Heterozygotes for sickle cell have lower rate of
malarial infection compared to homozygotes for "normal" hemoglobin.
16.why do heterozygotes for sickle cell allele have an advantage: Heterozy- gotes for sickle cell
have selective destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). Uninfected RBCs do not sickle; infected
RBCs sickle and kill parasites. • Heterozygotes can conjointly supply oxygen to tissues and
suppress parasitic proliferation.
17.how is sickle cell in malria enviornment an example of balanced polymor- phism: In malarial
environment, heterozygotes for sickle cell have natural selective advantage over homozygotes
for "normal" hemoglobin and sickle cell. Because of heterozygote advantage, alleles for both
"normal" and sickle cell hemoglobin are maintained at high frequencies; this is a balanced
, ANTH 1001 LSU- tague (good quizlet)
test 2
polymorphism.
, ANTH 1001 LSU- tague (good quizlet)
test 2
18.a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land: slash
19.how is slash and burn agriculture related to natural selection: slash and burn is practices then
mosquitos spread which spread human malaria which then spread sickle cell mutation
20.enzyme that allows you to digest lactose, which is a sugar in milk: lactase
21.insufficiency in lactase: lactose inteolerance
22.what are symptoms of lactose intolerance: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, gas
23. what is the chemical name for lactose: lactose is disaccharide: glucose-galac- tose
24.what happens to our bodies ability to digest milk when we grow up: Hu- mans can digest milk
as babies, but most of us lose the ability after weaning.
25.what type of populations are usually lactose tolerant: Pops. with long history of dairying are
generally lactose tolerant.
26.why do population with a long history of dairying usually lactose tolerant-
: Mutation for ability to digest milk as adults would have provided a natural selective advantage.
27.phenotypically different pops. in a species.: polytypism
28.what is polytypism a result of: diversity of environments that we inhabit.
