bio 2160 final
1. what is the main function of the kidneys: -Primarily responsible for maintaining stability of ECF
volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity
-Main route for eliminating potentially toxic metabolic wastes and foreign compounds from the
body
- clean the blood
2. hwo does extracellular fluid form: Whatever diffuses out of your blood plasma is what forms
the extracellular fluid.
3. that the amount of solute dissolved in the fluid: osmolarity
4. what happens if youre kidneys shut down and why: The kidneys are the primary barrier
between you and dehydration. If the kidneys aren't functioning correctly, the two biggest
problems you'll face are dehydration and sepsis
5. toxification of the blood: sepsis
6. what are the 8 functions of the kidneys: -Maintain H2O balance in the body
-Maintain proper osmolarity of body fluids, primarily through regulating H2O balance
-Regulate the quantity and concentration of most ECF ions
-Maintain proper plasma volume
-Help maintain proper acid-base balance in the body
, bio 2160 final
-Excreting (eliminating) the end products (wastes) of bodily metabolism
7. are hollow tubes that carry the urine from the kidneys to the bladder: ureters
8. what are the two things the urinary system consist of: urine forming organs structures that
carry urine from the kidneys to the outside for elimination
9. urine forming organs: kidneys
10.what are the structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the outside for elimination from the
body: ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
11.what is the purpose of the bladder: store urine until it is full in order to keep you from
needing to go to the bathroom every time your kidneys produce urine
12.the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body.: urethra
13.means stretchable: distensible
14.why is it important that the bladder is distensible: allows your bladder to expand a good bit
before youre forced to urinate
15.•Smooth muscle-walled duct
• Exit each kidney and carry urine to the urinary bladder: ureters
16.why is the urinary bladder smaller in women: the uterus occupies the space just above the
bladder
17.what does it mean that the smooth muscle in the bladder are involuntary-
, bio 2160 final
: you cant control when it contracts
18.•Temporarily stores urine
• Hollow, distensible, smooth muscle-walled sac
• Periodically empties to the outside of the body through the urethra
, bio 2160 final
• Smaller in women because uterus occupies the space just above the bladder-
: urinary bladder
19.what type of muscle surround the urethra and what does that mean: its skeletal which
means its voluntary movement
20.how can we hold our urine and what happens when we pee our pants: the muscle surrounding
the urethra is skeletal, which means it's voluntary. the muscle surrounding the urinary bladder
is smooth meaning you cant control when it con- tracts. As long as this muscle (urethra) is
contracted, you won't urinate. So you can hold it for a little while, but as some point the bladder
contractions will be stronger than the skeletal muscle contractions, and you will urinate whether
you want to or not.
21.•Conveys urine to the outside of the body: urethra
22.what does the urethra look like in females: straight and short in females
23.what does the urethra look like in males: -Much longer and follows curving course from
bladder to outside
24.what is the dual function of the urethra in males: •Provides route for elimi- nating urine from
bladder
• Passageway for semen from reproductive organs
1. what is the main function of the kidneys: -Primarily responsible for maintaining stability of ECF
volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity
-Main route for eliminating potentially toxic metabolic wastes and foreign compounds from the
body
- clean the blood
2. hwo does extracellular fluid form: Whatever diffuses out of your blood plasma is what forms
the extracellular fluid.
3. that the amount of solute dissolved in the fluid: osmolarity
4. what happens if youre kidneys shut down and why: The kidneys are the primary barrier
between you and dehydration. If the kidneys aren't functioning correctly, the two biggest
problems you'll face are dehydration and sepsis
5. toxification of the blood: sepsis
6. what are the 8 functions of the kidneys: -Maintain H2O balance in the body
-Maintain proper osmolarity of body fluids, primarily through regulating H2O balance
-Regulate the quantity and concentration of most ECF ions
-Maintain proper plasma volume
-Help maintain proper acid-base balance in the body
, bio 2160 final
-Excreting (eliminating) the end products (wastes) of bodily metabolism
7. are hollow tubes that carry the urine from the kidneys to the bladder: ureters
8. what are the two things the urinary system consist of: urine forming organs structures that
carry urine from the kidneys to the outside for elimination
9. urine forming organs: kidneys
10.what are the structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the outside for elimination from the
body: ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
11.what is the purpose of the bladder: store urine until it is full in order to keep you from
needing to go to the bathroom every time your kidneys produce urine
12.the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body.: urethra
13.means stretchable: distensible
14.why is it important that the bladder is distensible: allows your bladder to expand a good bit
before youre forced to urinate
15.•Smooth muscle-walled duct
• Exit each kidney and carry urine to the urinary bladder: ureters
16.why is the urinary bladder smaller in women: the uterus occupies the space just above the
bladder
17.what does it mean that the smooth muscle in the bladder are involuntary-
, bio 2160 final
: you cant control when it contracts
18.•Temporarily stores urine
• Hollow, distensible, smooth muscle-walled sac
• Periodically empties to the outside of the body through the urethra
, bio 2160 final
• Smaller in women because uterus occupies the space just above the bladder-
: urinary bladder
19.what type of muscle surround the urethra and what does that mean: its skeletal which
means its voluntary movement
20.how can we hold our urine and what happens when we pee our pants: the muscle surrounding
the urethra is skeletal, which means it's voluntary. the muscle surrounding the urinary bladder
is smooth meaning you cant control when it con- tracts. As long as this muscle (urethra) is
contracted, you won't urinate. So you can hold it for a little while, but as some point the bladder
contractions will be stronger than the skeletal muscle contractions, and you will urinate whether
you want to or not.
21.•Conveys urine to the outside of the body: urethra
22.what does the urethra look like in females: straight and short in females
23.what does the urethra look like in males: -Much longer and follows curving course from
bladder to outside
24.what is the dual function of the urethra in males: •Provides route for elimi- nating urine from
bladder
• Passageway for semen from reproductive organs
