Class 10 History - Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt
Notes: The Revolution of the Liberals (Based on NCERT)
1. Who were the Liberals?
- The liberals were mainly the educated middle-class individuals like professors, school teachers, clerks, and members
of the commercial middle class.
- They believed in freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.
- They supported a representative government through a constitution and opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic
rulers.
2. Events of 1848 - The Liberal Revolution:
- In Europe, 1848 saw a series of revolts and uprisings.
- Middle-class liberal nationalists took advantage of the growing unrest to push their demands for constitutional and
national unification.
3. Frankfurt Parliament (Germany):
- In April 1848, 831 elected representatives assembled in the Frankfurt Parliament.
- They drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament.
- The crown was offered to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, who refused it.
- The movement failed as it lacked the support of the monarchy, military, and aristocracy.
4. Role of Women:
- Women participated actively in political associations, demonstrations, and meetings.
- Despite their involvement, they were denied voting rights in the Frankfurt Parliament.
5. Why the Revolution Failed:
- Deep divisions between liberals and the working class.
- Lack of support from the monarchy and military.
- No unified vision among different revolutionary groups.
Important Questions and Answers
Notes: The Revolution of the Liberals (Based on NCERT)
1. Who were the Liberals?
- The liberals were mainly the educated middle-class individuals like professors, school teachers, clerks, and members
of the commercial middle class.
- They believed in freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.
- They supported a representative government through a constitution and opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic
rulers.
2. Events of 1848 - The Liberal Revolution:
- In Europe, 1848 saw a series of revolts and uprisings.
- Middle-class liberal nationalists took advantage of the growing unrest to push their demands for constitutional and
national unification.
3. Frankfurt Parliament (Germany):
- In April 1848, 831 elected representatives assembled in the Frankfurt Parliament.
- They drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament.
- The crown was offered to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, who refused it.
- The movement failed as it lacked the support of the monarchy, military, and aristocracy.
4. Role of Women:
- Women participated actively in political associations, demonstrations, and meetings.
- Despite their involvement, they were denied voting rights in the Frankfurt Parliament.
5. Why the Revolution Failed:
- Deep divisions between liberals and the working class.
- Lack of support from the monarchy and military.
- No unified vision among different revolutionary groups.
Important Questions and Answers
