STA 261 Exam 1 Miami University Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
Probability of an outcome - ANSWER - A. It is denoted by A c. The probabilities of A and
probability of a particular outcome is the of A c add to 1, so
proportion of times that the outcome would occur P ( A c ) = 1 − P ( A ) .
in a long run of observations
Venn Diagram - ANSWER -A diagram that
Trial - ANSWER -Each simulated roll of a uses areas inside a box to represent events
die, or any experiment being conducted
Intersection - ANSWER -it consists of the
Cumulative proportion - ANSWER -At each outcomes that are in both A and B.
value for the number of trials, found by after a
certain number of trials, divide the number of
outcomes at that stage by the number of trials. Union - ANSWER -the event that the
outcome is in A or B or both
Independent - ANSWER -Different trials of
a random phenomenon are _____ if the outcome conditional probability - ANSWER -deals
of any one trial is not affected by the outcome of with finding the probability of an event when you
any other trial know that the outcome was in some particular
part of the sample space.
Disjoint/mutually exclusive events -
ANSWER -Events that do not share any probability model - ANSWER -specifies the
outcomes in common possible outcomes for a sample space and
provides assumptions on which the probability
calculations for events composed of those
Law of large numbers - ANSWER -Swiss outcomes are based.
mathematician Jacob Bernoulli proved that as
the number of trials increases, the proportion of
occurrences of any given outcome approaches a random variable - ANSWER -a numerical
particular number (such as 1/6) in the long run. measurement of the outcome of a random
To show this, he assumed that the outcome of phenomenon. Often, the randomness results
any one trial does not depend on the outcome of from the use of random sampling or a
any other trial. randomized experiment to gather the data.
sample space - ANSWER -For a random discrete random variable - ANSWER -When
phenomenon, it is the set of all possible a random variable has separate possible values,
outcomes. such as 0, 1, 2, 3 for the number of heads in
three flips of a coin
Complement - ANSWER -this consists of
all outcomes in the sample space that are not in continuous random variable - ANSWER -
1/6
, STA 261 Exam 1 Miami University Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
has possible values that form an interval. The respect to values for the response variable.
intervals of values for the bars of a histogram can
be chosen as desired.
response variable - ANSWER -the outcome
variable on which comparisons are made
probability distribution - ANSWER -assigns
a probability to each possible value. Each
probability falls between 0 and 1, and the sum of observational study - ANSWER -the
the probabilities of all possible values equals 1. researcher observes values of the response
variable and explanatory variables for the
sampled subjects, without anything being done to
parameter - ANSWER -a numerical the subjects
summary of the population, such as a population
mean or a population proportion.
retrospective observational study -
ANSWER -Rather than taking a cross
weighted average - ANSWER -used when section of a population at some time, such as
each x value is not equally likely. If a particular x with a sample survey, some studies are
value is more likely to occur, it has a larger backward looking
influence on the mean, which is the BALANCE
point of the distribution.
prospective observational study -
ANSWER -Rather than taking a cross
binary data - ANSWER -It has one of two section of a population at some time, such as
possible outcomes with a sample survey, some studies are forward
looking
normal distribution - ANSWER -a function
that represents the distribution of many random experimental study - ANSWER -an
variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph. experiment, by assigning subjects to certain
experimental conditions and then observing
outcomes on the response variable
binomial distribution - ANSWER -a
frequency distribution of the possible number of
successful outcomes in a given number of trials cause and effect - ANSWER -central to
in each of which there is the same probability of science. But it's not possible to establish this
success. definitively with observational studies. There's
always the possibility that some lurking variable
could be responsible for the association.
explanatory variable - ANSWER -When it is
categorical, it defines the groups to be compared
with respect to values for the response variable. experimental unit - ANSWER -these are the
When it is quantitative, it defines the change in subjects in an experiment
different numerical values to be compared with
2/6
Correct Answers
Probability of an outcome - ANSWER - A. It is denoted by A c. The probabilities of A and
probability of a particular outcome is the of A c add to 1, so
proportion of times that the outcome would occur P ( A c ) = 1 − P ( A ) .
in a long run of observations
Venn Diagram - ANSWER -A diagram that
Trial - ANSWER -Each simulated roll of a uses areas inside a box to represent events
die, or any experiment being conducted
Intersection - ANSWER -it consists of the
Cumulative proportion - ANSWER -At each outcomes that are in both A and B.
value for the number of trials, found by after a
certain number of trials, divide the number of
outcomes at that stage by the number of trials. Union - ANSWER -the event that the
outcome is in A or B or both
Independent - ANSWER -Different trials of
a random phenomenon are _____ if the outcome conditional probability - ANSWER -deals
of any one trial is not affected by the outcome of with finding the probability of an event when you
any other trial know that the outcome was in some particular
part of the sample space.
Disjoint/mutually exclusive events -
ANSWER -Events that do not share any probability model - ANSWER -specifies the
outcomes in common possible outcomes for a sample space and
provides assumptions on which the probability
calculations for events composed of those
Law of large numbers - ANSWER -Swiss outcomes are based.
mathematician Jacob Bernoulli proved that as
the number of trials increases, the proportion of
occurrences of any given outcome approaches a random variable - ANSWER -a numerical
particular number (such as 1/6) in the long run. measurement of the outcome of a random
To show this, he assumed that the outcome of phenomenon. Often, the randomness results
any one trial does not depend on the outcome of from the use of random sampling or a
any other trial. randomized experiment to gather the data.
sample space - ANSWER -For a random discrete random variable - ANSWER -When
phenomenon, it is the set of all possible a random variable has separate possible values,
outcomes. such as 0, 1, 2, 3 for the number of heads in
three flips of a coin
Complement - ANSWER -this consists of
all outcomes in the sample space that are not in continuous random variable - ANSWER -
1/6
, STA 261 Exam 1 Miami University Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
has possible values that form an interval. The respect to values for the response variable.
intervals of values for the bars of a histogram can
be chosen as desired.
response variable - ANSWER -the outcome
variable on which comparisons are made
probability distribution - ANSWER -assigns
a probability to each possible value. Each
probability falls between 0 and 1, and the sum of observational study - ANSWER -the
the probabilities of all possible values equals 1. researcher observes values of the response
variable and explanatory variables for the
sampled subjects, without anything being done to
parameter - ANSWER -a numerical the subjects
summary of the population, such as a population
mean or a population proportion.
retrospective observational study -
ANSWER -Rather than taking a cross
weighted average - ANSWER -used when section of a population at some time, such as
each x value is not equally likely. If a particular x with a sample survey, some studies are
value is more likely to occur, it has a larger backward looking
influence on the mean, which is the BALANCE
point of the distribution.
prospective observational study -
ANSWER -Rather than taking a cross
binary data - ANSWER -It has one of two section of a population at some time, such as
possible outcomes with a sample survey, some studies are forward
looking
normal distribution - ANSWER -a function
that represents the distribution of many random experimental study - ANSWER -an
variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph. experiment, by assigning subjects to certain
experimental conditions and then observing
outcomes on the response variable
binomial distribution - ANSWER -a
frequency distribution of the possible number of
successful outcomes in a given number of trials cause and effect - ANSWER -central to
in each of which there is the same probability of science. But it's not possible to establish this
success. definitively with observational studies. There's
always the possibility that some lurking variable
could be responsible for the association.
explanatory variable - ANSWER -When it is
categorical, it defines the groups to be compared
with respect to values for the response variable. experimental unit - ANSWER -these are the
When it is quantitative, it defines the change in subjects in an experiment
different numerical values to be compared with
2/6
