UA BSC 108 Exam 2 Test Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Graded A+
What is a photosynthetic autotroph? - Name the stages and summarize the events of
ANSWER -An organism that makes its own each stage. 1. Photons excite electrons in the
food from inorganic ingredients. chlorophyll of the first photosystem. These
photons are then trapped by the primary electron
acceptor. This photosystem then replaces the
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called? - lost electrons by extracting new ones from water.
ANSWER -Stroma This is the step that releases O2 during
photosynthesis. 2. Energized electrons from the
first photosystem pass down an electron
What are the membranes inside chloroplasts transport chain to the second photosystem. The
chloroplast uses the energy released by this
called? - ANSWER -inner and outer
electron "fall" to make ATP. 3. The second
membranes
photosystem transfers its light-excited electrons
to NADP+, reducing it to NADPH.
List all products of the light reactions. carbon
Write the overall equation for photosynthesis. -
dioxide, water. Glucose, oxygen
ANSWER -6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
The Calvin cycle has three main stages. Name
What is the primary function of pigments in the stages and summarize the events of each
photosynthesis? Name the primary pigment used
stage. - ANSWER -"1) Carbon Fixation- The
in photosynthesis. - ANSWER -Pigments enzyme rubisco combines CO2 with 5-carbon
absorb certain wavelengths. They are the means sugar rubulose biphosphate (RuBP). The
by which the energy of sunlight is captured for unstable product formed splits into 2 molecules of
photosynthesis. The primary pigment used in 3-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA).
photosynthesis is Chlorophylla-a. 2) Reduction- Energy from 6 molecules of ATP is
used to oxidize NADPH to NADP+. Six molecules
of 3-PGA are reduced, producing six molecules
Why are leaves green? - ANSWER -Their of energy-rich 3-carbon sugar G3P.
green color is from chlorophyll, a pigment (light- 3) Release of one molecule of G3P- Five of the
absorbing molecule) in the chloroplasts that previously created G3Ps remain in the cycle, but
plays a central role in converting solar energy to one molecule is released.
chemical energy. 4) Regeneration of RuBP - series of chemical
reactions uses energy from ATP to rearrange the
atoms of the 5 G3P molecules, (15 total
How and where does water enter a plant? - carbons), which forms 3 RuBP molecules (15
ANSWER -Water enters root hair cells by total carbons).
osmosis. These will start another turn of the cycle.
"
How and where does carbon dioxide enter a
plant? - ANSWER -Carbon Dioxide diffuses List all products in the Calvin cycle. -
through small holes in the underside of leaves, ANSWER -"6 Turns of the Calvin Cycle→ 1
called the stomata. C₆H₁₂O₆
The light reactions take place in three stages. 6CO₂ → 1 C₆H₁₂O₆
1/5
, UA BSC 108 Exam 2 Test Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Graded A+
18 ATP + 12 NADPH → 1 C₆H₁₂O₆ 2. What are the two main phases of the
Left over ATP is used elsewhere by the cell. " eukaryotic cell cycle? - ANSWER -"a.
Interphase
b. Mitotic phase"
Give two examples of plants that use C4
photosynthesis. - ANSWER -"1) Corn
2) Sugarcane" 3. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA
duplicate? - ANSWER -interphase-
chromosome duplication
What environmental factor is C4 photosynthesis
an adaptation for? - ANSWER -High levels
of CO2 and drought environments 4. What is the function of mitosis? -
Contrast carbon fixation in C4 and CAM plants. ANSWER -in mitosis the nucleus and its
C4 plants initially attach CO2toPEP to form the contents, most importantly, the divided
four-carbon compound OAA using the enzyme chromosomes, divide and are evenly distributed,
PEP carboxylase. This takes place in the loosely forming two daughter, nuclei
packed cells called mesophyll cells. OAA is then
pumped to another set of cells, the bundle
sheath cells, which surround the leaf vein. There,
5. Summarize the events of Prophase: -
it releases the CO2for use by Rubisco. By ANSWER -"a. During prophase, changes
concentrating CO2in the bundle sheath cells, occur in both nucleus and cytoplasm. In the
C4plants promote the efficient operation of the nucleus, the chromatin fibers coil, so that the
Calvin-Benson cycle and minimize chromosomes become thick enough to be seen
photorespiration. CAM plants also initially attach
individually with a light microscope. Each
CO2to PEP and form OAA. However, instead of chromosome exists as two identical sister
fixing carbon during the day and pumping the chromatids joined together at the narrow "waist"
OAA to other cells, CAM plants fix carbon at of the centromere. In the cytoplasm, the mitotic
night and store the OAA in large vacuoles within spindle begins to form. Late in prophase, the
the cell. This allows them to have their stomatesnuclear envelope breaks into pieces. The spindle
open in the cool of the evening, avoiding water tracks attach to the centromeres of the
loss, and to use the CO2 for the Calvin-Benson chromosomes and move the chromosomes
cycle during the day, when it can be driven by toward the center of the cell.
the sun's energy. c. Anaphase: Anaphase begins suddenly when
the sister chromatids of each chromosome
separate. Each is now considered a full-fledged
1. How does asexual reproduction differ from (daughter) chromosome. The chromosomes
sexual reproduction? - ANSWER -Asexual move toward opposite poles of the cell as the
Reproduction involves one parent and produces spindle tracks shorten. Simultaneously, the tracks
offspring that are genetically identical to each not attached to chromosomes lengthen, pushing
other and to the parent. Sexual Reproduction the poles farther apart and elonging the cell
involves two parents and produces offspring that d. Telophase: telophase begins when the two
are genetically unique. groups of chromosomes have reached opposite
ends of the cell. Telophase is the reverse of
prophase: Nuclear envelopes form, the
2/5
Answers | Graded A+
What is a photosynthetic autotroph? - Name the stages and summarize the events of
ANSWER -An organism that makes its own each stage. 1. Photons excite electrons in the
food from inorganic ingredients. chlorophyll of the first photosystem. These
photons are then trapped by the primary electron
acceptor. This photosystem then replaces the
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called? - lost electrons by extracting new ones from water.
ANSWER -Stroma This is the step that releases O2 during
photosynthesis. 2. Energized electrons from the
first photosystem pass down an electron
What are the membranes inside chloroplasts transport chain to the second photosystem. The
chloroplast uses the energy released by this
called? - ANSWER -inner and outer
electron "fall" to make ATP. 3. The second
membranes
photosystem transfers its light-excited electrons
to NADP+, reducing it to NADPH.
List all products of the light reactions. carbon
Write the overall equation for photosynthesis. -
dioxide, water. Glucose, oxygen
ANSWER -6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
The Calvin cycle has three main stages. Name
What is the primary function of pigments in the stages and summarize the events of each
photosynthesis? Name the primary pigment used
stage. - ANSWER -"1) Carbon Fixation- The
in photosynthesis. - ANSWER -Pigments enzyme rubisco combines CO2 with 5-carbon
absorb certain wavelengths. They are the means sugar rubulose biphosphate (RuBP). The
by which the energy of sunlight is captured for unstable product formed splits into 2 molecules of
photosynthesis. The primary pigment used in 3-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA).
photosynthesis is Chlorophylla-a. 2) Reduction- Energy from 6 molecules of ATP is
used to oxidize NADPH to NADP+. Six molecules
of 3-PGA are reduced, producing six molecules
Why are leaves green? - ANSWER -Their of energy-rich 3-carbon sugar G3P.
green color is from chlorophyll, a pigment (light- 3) Release of one molecule of G3P- Five of the
absorbing molecule) in the chloroplasts that previously created G3Ps remain in the cycle, but
plays a central role in converting solar energy to one molecule is released.
chemical energy. 4) Regeneration of RuBP - series of chemical
reactions uses energy from ATP to rearrange the
atoms of the 5 G3P molecules, (15 total
How and where does water enter a plant? - carbons), which forms 3 RuBP molecules (15
ANSWER -Water enters root hair cells by total carbons).
osmosis. These will start another turn of the cycle.
"
How and where does carbon dioxide enter a
plant? - ANSWER -Carbon Dioxide diffuses List all products in the Calvin cycle. -
through small holes in the underside of leaves, ANSWER -"6 Turns of the Calvin Cycle→ 1
called the stomata. C₆H₁₂O₆
The light reactions take place in three stages. 6CO₂ → 1 C₆H₁₂O₆
1/5
, UA BSC 108 Exam 2 Test Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Graded A+
18 ATP + 12 NADPH → 1 C₆H₁₂O₆ 2. What are the two main phases of the
Left over ATP is used elsewhere by the cell. " eukaryotic cell cycle? - ANSWER -"a.
Interphase
b. Mitotic phase"
Give two examples of plants that use C4
photosynthesis. - ANSWER -"1) Corn
2) Sugarcane" 3. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA
duplicate? - ANSWER -interphase-
chromosome duplication
What environmental factor is C4 photosynthesis
an adaptation for? - ANSWER -High levels
of CO2 and drought environments 4. What is the function of mitosis? -
Contrast carbon fixation in C4 and CAM plants. ANSWER -in mitosis the nucleus and its
C4 plants initially attach CO2toPEP to form the contents, most importantly, the divided
four-carbon compound OAA using the enzyme chromosomes, divide and are evenly distributed,
PEP carboxylase. This takes place in the loosely forming two daughter, nuclei
packed cells called mesophyll cells. OAA is then
pumped to another set of cells, the bundle
sheath cells, which surround the leaf vein. There,
5. Summarize the events of Prophase: -
it releases the CO2for use by Rubisco. By ANSWER -"a. During prophase, changes
concentrating CO2in the bundle sheath cells, occur in both nucleus and cytoplasm. In the
C4plants promote the efficient operation of the nucleus, the chromatin fibers coil, so that the
Calvin-Benson cycle and minimize chromosomes become thick enough to be seen
photorespiration. CAM plants also initially attach
individually with a light microscope. Each
CO2to PEP and form OAA. However, instead of chromosome exists as two identical sister
fixing carbon during the day and pumping the chromatids joined together at the narrow "waist"
OAA to other cells, CAM plants fix carbon at of the centromere. In the cytoplasm, the mitotic
night and store the OAA in large vacuoles within spindle begins to form. Late in prophase, the
the cell. This allows them to have their stomatesnuclear envelope breaks into pieces. The spindle
open in the cool of the evening, avoiding water tracks attach to the centromeres of the
loss, and to use the CO2 for the Calvin-Benson chromosomes and move the chromosomes
cycle during the day, when it can be driven by toward the center of the cell.
the sun's energy. c. Anaphase: Anaphase begins suddenly when
the sister chromatids of each chromosome
separate. Each is now considered a full-fledged
1. How does asexual reproduction differ from (daughter) chromosome. The chromosomes
sexual reproduction? - ANSWER -Asexual move toward opposite poles of the cell as the
Reproduction involves one parent and produces spindle tracks shorten. Simultaneously, the tracks
offspring that are genetically identical to each not attached to chromosomes lengthen, pushing
other and to the parent. Sexual Reproduction the poles farther apart and elonging the cell
involves two parents and produces offspring that d. Telophase: telophase begins when the two
are genetically unique. groups of chromosomes have reached opposite
ends of the cell. Telophase is the reverse of
prophase: Nuclear envelopes form, the
2/5
