Advanced Sem. in Personality
Disorders - Final Exam Questions with
Complete Answers
Schizotypal - ANSWER-pattern of social and interpersonal details marked by
discomfort and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or
perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by adulthood
Schizotypal Symptoms - ANSWER-idea of reference
odd beliefs/magical thinking
unusual perceptual disturbances, body illusions, odd thinking and speech
inappropriateness or constricted affect
behavior or appearance that is odd
lacks close friends or confidants
excessive social anxiety
Schizotypal Dimensional DSM - ANSWER-identity - confused boundaries between
self and others, emotional expression not congruent
self direction - unrealistic/incoherent goals
empathy - difficulty understanding impact of own behaviors on others
intimacy - marked impairments in developing close relationships, anxiety
Schizotypal Peculiar/Magical Thinking - ANSWER-unique intrapsychic experience,
telepathy
paranoid ideation and suspicion
does NOT reason threshold for psychosis because they are open to other ideas of
what it might mean
ex. phoebe from friends and the dentist
Schizotypal Social Emotional Functioning - ANSWER-limited peer relationships
outside family memories
intense social anxiety often
hypersensitive to criticism
Schizotypal Attachment Style - ANSWER-FEARFUL DISMISSIVE - view of self is
positive/inadequate, view of others is inadequate
Schizotypal Theories of Development - ANSWER-core beliefs - world is uncaring, full
of powerful forces that can't be explained
conditional beliefs - if i get close to normal people they will reject me, if others view
me as different then they will leave me alone
instrumental beliefs - being different is protective
,Schizotypal Biosocial Theory - ANSWER-seen as a deterioration of schizoid and
avoidant
passive infant temperament -> parental indifference -> impoverished indifference
cold and formal family environment
fragmented parental communication
fueled by social isolation
Schizotypal Psychodynamic Theory - ANSWER-consistent parent contact that was
critical, leading to social hypersensitivity
magical thinking is a defense against emotional overstimulation
projection is a defense against anger and fear
Schizotypal Interpersonal Theory - ANSWER-parent modeled "mindreading"
suggesting that even though not present the parents knew
adult consequence - pattern of knowing,
parents likely instructed against leaving the home, resulting in a reinforcement of
social isolation
Schizotypal Main Comorbidities - ANSWER-50% Major Depressive Disorder!!!
probably likely to present then
Schizotypal vs Schizoid - ANSWER-similar - socially isolated, restricted emotions
Schizotypal - magical thinking, paranoid ideation, isolation due to social anxiety,
eccentric behavior
Schizoid - lack of interest in others
Schizotypal vs Paranoid Personality Disorder - ANSWER-similar - ideas of
reference, suspicious of others, prefer social isolation
Paranoid - ideas of references associated with fear of autonomy, cold, stubborn, rigid
Schizotypal - ideas of reference are signs or omens for benefit, feel a sense of
separateness from others, open to experience
Schizotypal vs Schizophrenia - ANSWER-similar - positive symptoms with delusions
negative - diminished affect and disorganized
STPD is common in families with relatives that have schizophrenia
Schizotypal MMPI - ANSWER-depression, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, social
introversion
Schizotypal FFM - ANSWER-high neuroticism, low extraversion
Schizotypal Behavioral Techniques - ANSWER-social skills training, appropriateness
training, elocution classes
Schizotypal Cognitive Techniques - ANSWER-challenge magical thinking by looking
for evidence to refute, tracking accuracy of predictions
Schizotypal Psychodynamic Techniques - ANSWER-goal should be internalizing the
therapeutic relationship, new means of relating to someone
silence is not resistance
, cannabis can be associated with earlier onset
Schizotypal Medications - ANSWER-no FDA approved, some efficacy of
antipsychotics for certain symptoms!!
Paranoid Personality Disorder - ANSWER-"para" = outside
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are
interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood, present in a variety of
contexts
Paranoid PD symptoms - ANSWER-suspects without sufficient basis that others are
exploiting/harming them
preoccupied with unjustified doubts about loyalty, trust of associates
reluctant to confide in others bc of unwarranted fear that info will be used against
them
reads hidden, demeaning threatening meanings into benign remarks
holds grudges
attacks on reputation that are not apparent
recurrent suspicions about infidelity
Paranoid Common Descriptions - ANSWER-aloof, sensitive, cold, litigious, rigid
Core Symptom - suspects without sufficient basis
Paranoid Pd Interpersonal Relationships - ANSWER-secretive and isolative ->
providing information to others makes one more vulnerable
always prepared to counter attack a threat
primary emotions - anger and jealousy
Paranoid Cognitive Style - ANSWER-mistrusting preconceptions
scan the environment to support their mistrusting preconceptions (SELF
FULFILLING PROPHECY)
Paranoid Attachment Style - ANSWER-FEARFUL
views self as inadequate and others as inadequate
Paranoid Cognitive Behavioral Theory - ANSWER-core beliefs - other people can't
be trusted, others have ulterior motives
conditional beliefs - if I am not careful, others will use me
instrumental - trust no-one
Paranoid Psychodynamic Theory - ANSWER-raised in a highly critical family and to
prevent feelings of shame, they identify with the critical parent
Paranoid Biosocial Theory - ANSWER-narcissistic variant - over indulgent and
unrestrained by parents once they leave the house their image of superiority is
destroyed
antisocial - harsh parental treatment, dominate others before they dominate you
obsessive compulsive - controlling, perfecionist parents
Disorders - Final Exam Questions with
Complete Answers
Schizotypal - ANSWER-pattern of social and interpersonal details marked by
discomfort and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or
perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by adulthood
Schizotypal Symptoms - ANSWER-idea of reference
odd beliefs/magical thinking
unusual perceptual disturbances, body illusions, odd thinking and speech
inappropriateness or constricted affect
behavior or appearance that is odd
lacks close friends or confidants
excessive social anxiety
Schizotypal Dimensional DSM - ANSWER-identity - confused boundaries between
self and others, emotional expression not congruent
self direction - unrealistic/incoherent goals
empathy - difficulty understanding impact of own behaviors on others
intimacy - marked impairments in developing close relationships, anxiety
Schizotypal Peculiar/Magical Thinking - ANSWER-unique intrapsychic experience,
telepathy
paranoid ideation and suspicion
does NOT reason threshold for psychosis because they are open to other ideas of
what it might mean
ex. phoebe from friends and the dentist
Schizotypal Social Emotional Functioning - ANSWER-limited peer relationships
outside family memories
intense social anxiety often
hypersensitive to criticism
Schizotypal Attachment Style - ANSWER-FEARFUL DISMISSIVE - view of self is
positive/inadequate, view of others is inadequate
Schizotypal Theories of Development - ANSWER-core beliefs - world is uncaring, full
of powerful forces that can't be explained
conditional beliefs - if i get close to normal people they will reject me, if others view
me as different then they will leave me alone
instrumental beliefs - being different is protective
,Schizotypal Biosocial Theory - ANSWER-seen as a deterioration of schizoid and
avoidant
passive infant temperament -> parental indifference -> impoverished indifference
cold and formal family environment
fragmented parental communication
fueled by social isolation
Schizotypal Psychodynamic Theory - ANSWER-consistent parent contact that was
critical, leading to social hypersensitivity
magical thinking is a defense against emotional overstimulation
projection is a defense against anger and fear
Schizotypal Interpersonal Theory - ANSWER-parent modeled "mindreading"
suggesting that even though not present the parents knew
adult consequence - pattern of knowing,
parents likely instructed against leaving the home, resulting in a reinforcement of
social isolation
Schizotypal Main Comorbidities - ANSWER-50% Major Depressive Disorder!!!
probably likely to present then
Schizotypal vs Schizoid - ANSWER-similar - socially isolated, restricted emotions
Schizotypal - magical thinking, paranoid ideation, isolation due to social anxiety,
eccentric behavior
Schizoid - lack of interest in others
Schizotypal vs Paranoid Personality Disorder - ANSWER-similar - ideas of
reference, suspicious of others, prefer social isolation
Paranoid - ideas of references associated with fear of autonomy, cold, stubborn, rigid
Schizotypal - ideas of reference are signs or omens for benefit, feel a sense of
separateness from others, open to experience
Schizotypal vs Schizophrenia - ANSWER-similar - positive symptoms with delusions
negative - diminished affect and disorganized
STPD is common in families with relatives that have schizophrenia
Schizotypal MMPI - ANSWER-depression, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, social
introversion
Schizotypal FFM - ANSWER-high neuroticism, low extraversion
Schizotypal Behavioral Techniques - ANSWER-social skills training, appropriateness
training, elocution classes
Schizotypal Cognitive Techniques - ANSWER-challenge magical thinking by looking
for evidence to refute, tracking accuracy of predictions
Schizotypal Psychodynamic Techniques - ANSWER-goal should be internalizing the
therapeutic relationship, new means of relating to someone
silence is not resistance
, cannabis can be associated with earlier onset
Schizotypal Medications - ANSWER-no FDA approved, some efficacy of
antipsychotics for certain symptoms!!
Paranoid Personality Disorder - ANSWER-"para" = outside
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are
interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood, present in a variety of
contexts
Paranoid PD symptoms - ANSWER-suspects without sufficient basis that others are
exploiting/harming them
preoccupied with unjustified doubts about loyalty, trust of associates
reluctant to confide in others bc of unwarranted fear that info will be used against
them
reads hidden, demeaning threatening meanings into benign remarks
holds grudges
attacks on reputation that are not apparent
recurrent suspicions about infidelity
Paranoid Common Descriptions - ANSWER-aloof, sensitive, cold, litigious, rigid
Core Symptom - suspects without sufficient basis
Paranoid Pd Interpersonal Relationships - ANSWER-secretive and isolative ->
providing information to others makes one more vulnerable
always prepared to counter attack a threat
primary emotions - anger and jealousy
Paranoid Cognitive Style - ANSWER-mistrusting preconceptions
scan the environment to support their mistrusting preconceptions (SELF
FULFILLING PROPHECY)
Paranoid Attachment Style - ANSWER-FEARFUL
views self as inadequate and others as inadequate
Paranoid Cognitive Behavioral Theory - ANSWER-core beliefs - other people can't
be trusted, others have ulterior motives
conditional beliefs - if I am not careful, others will use me
instrumental - trust no-one
Paranoid Psychodynamic Theory - ANSWER-raised in a highly critical family and to
prevent feelings of shame, they identify with the critical parent
Paranoid Biosocial Theory - ANSWER-narcissistic variant - over indulgent and
unrestrained by parents once they leave the house their image of superiority is
destroyed
antisocial - harsh parental treatment, dominate others before they dominate you
obsessive compulsive - controlling, perfecionist parents
