MANA 3318 Exam 1 study guide
What does OB study and what is its goal? – answer OB is the study of individual
behavior and group dynamics in organizations. The goal of OB is to improve overall
organizational effectiveness.
What are the 3 levels of OB analysis? – answer Micro/individual, Meso/group, Macro/
organization
Interdisciplinary influences of OB? – answer Psychology, Sociology, Engineering,
Anthropology, Management, Medicine.
What is management? - answer The study of overseeing activities and supervising
people in organizations. It includes designing, implementing, and managing various
administrative and organizational systems.
Describe the formal and informal elements of an organization - answer Formal
elements: Official, Visible, Logical, and Rational. Rules and regulations, Division of
Labor, and chain of command.
Informal elements: Unofficial and less visible. Relationships, culture, and
communication.
The role of the Hawthorne studies. - answerIt was the first study to suggest the
importance of informal organizational elements.
What are Hofstede's 5 dimensions of cultural differences? - answerIndividualism <--->
Collectivism
High power distance <---> Low power distance
Masculine <---> feminine
Long term oriented <---> Shorted term oriented
Uncertainty avoidance (high <---> low)
Challenges of Diversity - answer- Resistance to change
- Lack of cohesiveness
- Communication problems
- Interpersonal conflicts
- Slower decision making
Advantages of Diversity - answer- Attracts and retains the best talent
- Improves marketing efforts
- Promotes creativity and innovation
- Better problem solving
, - Enhances organizational flexibility
What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? - answerDiversity is creating a
workforce comprised of individuals from different walks of life with different views and
experiences.
Inclusion is the fair treatment and creation of a secure environment for the individuals
within the organizations.
What are Cox and Blake's reasons for diversity value? - answer1. Decreased liability,
decreased turnover
2. Attract and retain employees from different backgrounds
3. Effective interactions, increases tolerance
4. Better reputation and better insight into different groups
5. Better group decision making
6. Diverse solutions
Difference between equity and equality - answerEquality means each individual or
group of people is given the same resources or opportunities.
Equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact
resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.
social perception - answerthe process of interpreting information about another person
3 factors that influence social perception - answer1. Characteristic of the perceiver
2. Characteristics of the Target
3. Characteristics of the situation
What are important perceivers characteristics that affect social perception - answerTheir
attitude, mood, perceptual lens, self-concept, and cognitive structure.
What are important target characteristics that affect social perception - answerPhysical
appearance, verbal/non-verbal cues, and intonation
5 common barriers to social perception - answerSelective perception, Serotyping, 1st
impressions error, projection, and self fulling prophecies
selective perception - answerThe phenomenon that people's beliefs often guide what
they pay the most attention to and how they interpret events.
stereotype - answerA generalized belief about a group of people or type of person.
Projection - answerdisguising one's own threatening impulses and beliefs by attributing
them to others
What does OB study and what is its goal? – answer OB is the study of individual
behavior and group dynamics in organizations. The goal of OB is to improve overall
organizational effectiveness.
What are the 3 levels of OB analysis? – answer Micro/individual, Meso/group, Macro/
organization
Interdisciplinary influences of OB? – answer Psychology, Sociology, Engineering,
Anthropology, Management, Medicine.
What is management? - answer The study of overseeing activities and supervising
people in organizations. It includes designing, implementing, and managing various
administrative and organizational systems.
Describe the formal and informal elements of an organization - answer Formal
elements: Official, Visible, Logical, and Rational. Rules and regulations, Division of
Labor, and chain of command.
Informal elements: Unofficial and less visible. Relationships, culture, and
communication.
The role of the Hawthorne studies. - answerIt was the first study to suggest the
importance of informal organizational elements.
What are Hofstede's 5 dimensions of cultural differences? - answerIndividualism <--->
Collectivism
High power distance <---> Low power distance
Masculine <---> feminine
Long term oriented <---> Shorted term oriented
Uncertainty avoidance (high <---> low)
Challenges of Diversity - answer- Resistance to change
- Lack of cohesiveness
- Communication problems
- Interpersonal conflicts
- Slower decision making
Advantages of Diversity - answer- Attracts and retains the best talent
- Improves marketing efforts
- Promotes creativity and innovation
- Better problem solving
, - Enhances organizational flexibility
What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? - answerDiversity is creating a
workforce comprised of individuals from different walks of life with different views and
experiences.
Inclusion is the fair treatment and creation of a secure environment for the individuals
within the organizations.
What are Cox and Blake's reasons for diversity value? - answer1. Decreased liability,
decreased turnover
2. Attract and retain employees from different backgrounds
3. Effective interactions, increases tolerance
4. Better reputation and better insight into different groups
5. Better group decision making
6. Diverse solutions
Difference between equity and equality - answerEquality means each individual or
group of people is given the same resources or opportunities.
Equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact
resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.
social perception - answerthe process of interpreting information about another person
3 factors that influence social perception - answer1. Characteristic of the perceiver
2. Characteristics of the Target
3. Characteristics of the situation
What are important perceivers characteristics that affect social perception - answerTheir
attitude, mood, perceptual lens, self-concept, and cognitive structure.
What are important target characteristics that affect social perception - answerPhysical
appearance, verbal/non-verbal cues, and intonation
5 common barriers to social perception - answerSelective perception, Serotyping, 1st
impressions error, projection, and self fulling prophecies
selective perception - answerThe phenomenon that people's beliefs often guide what
they pay the most attention to and how they interpret events.
stereotype - answerA generalized belief about a group of people or type of person.
Projection - answerdisguising one's own threatening impulses and beliefs by attributing
them to others
