MANA 4326 Exam 1
Diversity - answer Real or perceived differences among people in race, ethnicity, sex,
age, physical and mental ability, sexual orientation, religion, work and family status,
weight and appearance, and other identity-based attributes that affect their interactions
and relationships
Identity Groups - answer Collectives people use to categorize themselves
Employment or Labor Market Discrimination – answer When personal characteristics of
applicants and workers that are unrelated to productivity are valued in the labor market
Access Discrimination - answer When people are denied employment opportunities, or
"access" to jobs
Treatment Discrimination - answer When people are employed but are treated
differently once employed, receiving fewer job-related rewards, resources, or
opportunities than they should receive based on job-related criteria
Inclusion - answerThe degree to which "different voices of a diverse workplace are
respected and heard"
Primary Labor Market - answerIncludes jobs in large organizations, with more
opportunities for advancement and retirement, vacation, and medical benefits;
Whites more likely to work
Secondary Labor Market - answerLow-skilled, low-paid, insecure jobs;
Blacks and hispanics more likely to work
Reasons to Value Diversity - answerCost: Mismanagement of diversity can result in
increased costs through employee turnover and litigation as well as lost business;
Resource Acquisition: Attracting and retaining employees from different backgrounds
increases the ability to compete in tight labor markets;
Marketing: Having a reputation for valuing all types of workers affects the ability to
market to different types of consumers;
Creativity and Problem Solving: Including groups from different backgrounds and
experiences results in greater creativity and problem solving ability;
System Flexibility: The diverse life experiences of people helps them to develop
cognitive flexibility and openness to experience;
Other Areas Where Diversity Can Be Advantageous: Cooperative behaviors; Interaction
effects with organizational strategy; Financial returns
Moral and social reasons can coincide with business reasons for supporting diversity
Diversity - answer Real or perceived differences among people in race, ethnicity, sex,
age, physical and mental ability, sexual orientation, religion, work and family status,
weight and appearance, and other identity-based attributes that affect their interactions
and relationships
Identity Groups - answer Collectives people use to categorize themselves
Employment or Labor Market Discrimination – answer When personal characteristics of
applicants and workers that are unrelated to productivity are valued in the labor market
Access Discrimination - answer When people are denied employment opportunities, or
"access" to jobs
Treatment Discrimination - answer When people are employed but are treated
differently once employed, receiving fewer job-related rewards, resources, or
opportunities than they should receive based on job-related criteria
Inclusion - answerThe degree to which "different voices of a diverse workplace are
respected and heard"
Primary Labor Market - answerIncludes jobs in large organizations, with more
opportunities for advancement and retirement, vacation, and medical benefits;
Whites more likely to work
Secondary Labor Market - answerLow-skilled, low-paid, insecure jobs;
Blacks and hispanics more likely to work
Reasons to Value Diversity - answerCost: Mismanagement of diversity can result in
increased costs through employee turnover and litigation as well as lost business;
Resource Acquisition: Attracting and retaining employees from different backgrounds
increases the ability to compete in tight labor markets;
Marketing: Having a reputation for valuing all types of workers affects the ability to
market to different types of consumers;
Creativity and Problem Solving: Including groups from different backgrounds and
experiences results in greater creativity and problem solving ability;
System Flexibility: The diverse life experiences of people helps them to develop
cognitive flexibility and openness to experience;
Other Areas Where Diversity Can Be Advantageous: Cooperative behaviors; Interaction
effects with organizational strategy; Financial returns
Moral and social reasons can coincide with business reasons for supporting diversity
