NSG 300 TOPIC 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE | 2025 UPDATED
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | EBP, HEALTH PROMOTION, VITAL SIGNS,
PREVENTION | VERIFIED A+ ANSWERS
What is the definition of health according to WHO? A) Absence of disease only B)
Complete physical, mental, and social well-being C) Ability to work without limitations D)
Good nutrition and exercise
B) Complete physical, mental, and social well-being. WHO defines health beyond absence of
disease, including overall well-being.
Healthy People 2030 aim to: A) Increase hospital funding B) Promote a society where all
live long, healthy lives C) Reduce physician shortages D) Create a universal insurance
system
B) Promote a society where all live long, healthy lives. It sets 10-year objectives and high-
priority health indicators.
According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must be met first? A) Self-actualization B)
Self-esteem C) Shelter D) Love and belonging
C) Shelter. Physiological and safety needs (like shelter) come before higher-level needs.
Which model highlights body, mind, and spirit interaction in health? A) Health Belief
Model B) Holistic Health Model C) Health Promotion Model D) Maslow's Model
B) Holistic Health Model. It places the client at the center, recognizing mind-body-spirit
connections.
Which is an example of primary prevention? A) Physical therapy post-stroke B) Blood
pressure screening C) Flu shot D) Hiring a patient with a disability
C) Flu shot. Primary prevention prevents disease onset; secondary = screening; tertiary = rehab.
Which is an example of secondary prevention? A) Immunizations B) Mass screening for
hypertension C) Job accommodations D) Nutrition counseling for prevention
B) Mass screening for hypertension. Secondary = early detection and prompt treatment.
Which is an example of tertiary prevention? A) Marriage counseling B) Providing
immunizations C) Rehabilitation post-stroke D) Daily exercise program for teens
C) Rehabilitation post-stroke. Tertiary focuses on restoration and limiting disability.
Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model involves small changes in preparation for a
bigger change? A) Precontemplation B) Contemplation C) Preparation D) Maintenance
, C) Preparation. Patient is getting ready for change and making small steps.
Which illness type is severe, short-term, and usually reversible? A) Chronic illness B) Acute
illness C) Terminal illness D) Holistic illness
B) Acute illness. It is short in duration, often severe, and usually reversible.
Which illness type lasts longer than 6 months and often irreversible? A) Acute illness B)
Chronic illness C) Subclinical illness D) Preventable illness
B) Chronic illness. It alters functioning and is long-lasting, often requiring management.
What is evidence-based practice (EBP)? A) Practice guided by tradition B) Problem-
solving using best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values C) A research-only
approach D) Decisions based only on patient preference
B) Problem-solving using best evidence, expertise, and patient values. EBP integrates research
with clinical judgment.
Which is the correct first step of EBP? A) Search for best evidence B) Critically appraise
evidence C) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry D) Evaluate outcomes
C) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry. Nurses must be curious and willing to ask clinical questions.
What format is used to ask clinical questions in EBP? A) SOAP B) SBAR C) PIE D)
PICOT
D) PICOT. It stands for Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time.
Which guideline is correct when measuring vital signs? A) Use the same device for all
patients B) Know client's usual vital sign range C) Only assess if doctor orders D) Only
document abnormal results
B) Know client's usual vital sign range. Baseline knowledge is essential for recognizing change.
A patient has just finished hot soup. When should you take oral temperature? A)
Immediately B) After drinking cold water C) Wait 30 minutes D) Switch to axillary site
C) Wait 30 minutes. Oral intake affects readings; waiting ensures accuracy.
A teenager has an irregular pulse. Best action? A) Review chart B) Assess apical pulse for 1
full minute C) Ask about palpitations D) Count radial pulse for 15 seconds
B) Assess apical pulse for 1 full minute. It provides the most accurate assessment.
A postoperative patient is breathing rapidly. What should you do first? A) Call physician B)
Count respirations C) Assess oxygen saturation D) Ask about discomfort
C) Assess oxygen saturation. Rapid breathing may indicate hypoxemia; SpO₂ is priority.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | EBP, HEALTH PROMOTION, VITAL SIGNS,
PREVENTION | VERIFIED A+ ANSWERS
What is the definition of health according to WHO? A) Absence of disease only B)
Complete physical, mental, and social well-being C) Ability to work without limitations D)
Good nutrition and exercise
B) Complete physical, mental, and social well-being. WHO defines health beyond absence of
disease, including overall well-being.
Healthy People 2030 aim to: A) Increase hospital funding B) Promote a society where all
live long, healthy lives C) Reduce physician shortages D) Create a universal insurance
system
B) Promote a society where all live long, healthy lives. It sets 10-year objectives and high-
priority health indicators.
According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must be met first? A) Self-actualization B)
Self-esteem C) Shelter D) Love and belonging
C) Shelter. Physiological and safety needs (like shelter) come before higher-level needs.
Which model highlights body, mind, and spirit interaction in health? A) Health Belief
Model B) Holistic Health Model C) Health Promotion Model D) Maslow's Model
B) Holistic Health Model. It places the client at the center, recognizing mind-body-spirit
connections.
Which is an example of primary prevention? A) Physical therapy post-stroke B) Blood
pressure screening C) Flu shot D) Hiring a patient with a disability
C) Flu shot. Primary prevention prevents disease onset; secondary = screening; tertiary = rehab.
Which is an example of secondary prevention? A) Immunizations B) Mass screening for
hypertension C) Job accommodations D) Nutrition counseling for prevention
B) Mass screening for hypertension. Secondary = early detection and prompt treatment.
Which is an example of tertiary prevention? A) Marriage counseling B) Providing
immunizations C) Rehabilitation post-stroke D) Daily exercise program for teens
C) Rehabilitation post-stroke. Tertiary focuses on restoration and limiting disability.
Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model involves small changes in preparation for a
bigger change? A) Precontemplation B) Contemplation C) Preparation D) Maintenance
, C) Preparation. Patient is getting ready for change and making small steps.
Which illness type is severe, short-term, and usually reversible? A) Chronic illness B) Acute
illness C) Terminal illness D) Holistic illness
B) Acute illness. It is short in duration, often severe, and usually reversible.
Which illness type lasts longer than 6 months and often irreversible? A) Acute illness B)
Chronic illness C) Subclinical illness D) Preventable illness
B) Chronic illness. It alters functioning and is long-lasting, often requiring management.
What is evidence-based practice (EBP)? A) Practice guided by tradition B) Problem-
solving using best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values C) A research-only
approach D) Decisions based only on patient preference
B) Problem-solving using best evidence, expertise, and patient values. EBP integrates research
with clinical judgment.
Which is the correct first step of EBP? A) Search for best evidence B) Critically appraise
evidence C) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry D) Evaluate outcomes
C) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry. Nurses must be curious and willing to ask clinical questions.
What format is used to ask clinical questions in EBP? A) SOAP B) SBAR C) PIE D)
PICOT
D) PICOT. It stands for Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time.
Which guideline is correct when measuring vital signs? A) Use the same device for all
patients B) Know client's usual vital sign range C) Only assess if doctor orders D) Only
document abnormal results
B) Know client's usual vital sign range. Baseline knowledge is essential for recognizing change.
A patient has just finished hot soup. When should you take oral temperature? A)
Immediately B) After drinking cold water C) Wait 30 minutes D) Switch to axillary site
C) Wait 30 minutes. Oral intake affects readings; waiting ensures accuracy.
A teenager has an irregular pulse. Best action? A) Review chart B) Assess apical pulse for 1
full minute C) Ask about palpitations D) Count radial pulse for 15 seconds
B) Assess apical pulse for 1 full minute. It provides the most accurate assessment.
A postoperative patient is breathing rapidly. What should you do first? A) Call physician B)
Count respirations C) Assess oxygen saturation D) Ask about discomfort
C) Assess oxygen saturation. Rapid breathing may indicate hypoxemia; SpO₂ is priority.
