1-1
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
, 1-1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS
Thermodynamics
1-1 C Classical thermodynamics is based on experimental observations whereas statistical
thermodynamics is based on the average behavior of large groups of particles.
1-2 C On a downhill road the potential energy of the bicyclist is being converted to kinetic energy,
and thus the bicyclist picks up speed. There is no creation of energy, and thus no violation of the
conservation of energy principle.
1-3 C There is no truth to his claim. It violates the second law of thermodynamics.
Mass, Force, and Units
1-4 C Pound-mass lbm is the mass unit in English system whereas pound-force lbf is the force unit.
One pound-force is the force required to accelerate a mass of 32.174 lbm by 1 ft/s2. In other words,
the weight of a 1-lbm mass at sea level is 1 lbf.
1-5 C Kg-mass is the mass unit in the SI system whereas kg-force is a force unit. 1-kg-force is the
force required to accelerate a 1-kg mass by 9.807 m/s2. In other words, the weight of 1-kg mass at
sea level is 1 kg-force.
1-6 C There is no acceleration, thus the net force is zero in both cases.
1-7 A plastic tank is filled with water. The weight of the combined system is to be determined.
Assumptions The density of water is constant throughout.
Properties The density of water is given to be = 1000 kg/m3.
Analysis The mass of the water in the tank and the total mass are mtank = 3 kg
V =0.2 m 3
mw = V =(1000 kg/m3)(0.2 m3)
= 200 kg
H2O
mtotal = mw + mtank = 200 + 3 = 203 kg
Thus,
2 1N
W mg (203 kg)(9.81 m/s
1 kg ) m/s2 1991 N
, 1-2
1-8 The interior dimensions of a room are given. The mass and weight of the air in the room
are to be determined.
Assumptions The density of air is constant throughout the room.
Properties The density of air is given to be = 1.16 kg/m3.
Analysis The mass of the air in the room is ROOM
m V (1.16 kg/m 3 )(6 6 8 m3 ) 334.1 kg AIR
Thus, 6X6X8 m3
2 1N
W mg (334.1 kg)(9.81 ) 1 kg m/s 2 3277 N
m/s
1-9 The variation of gravitational acceleration above the sea level is given as a function of
altitude. The height at which the weight of a body will decrease by 1% is to be determined.
z
Analysis The weight of a body at the elevation z can be expressed as
W mg m(9.807 3.32
10 6 z) In our case,
W 0.99Ws 0.99mgs 0.99(m)(9.807)
Substituting,
0.99(9.81) (9.81 3.32 10 6 z) z 29,539 m 0
Sea level
1-10 E An astronaut took his scales with him to space. It is to be determined how much he will
weigh on the spring and beam scales in space.
Analysis (a) A spring scale measures weight, which is the local gravitational force applied on a body:
2 1 lbf
W mg (150 lbm)(5.48 ft/s
32.2)lbm ft/s 2 25.5 lbf
(b) A beam scale compares masses and thus is not affected by the variations in gravitational
acceleration. The beam scale will read what it reads on earth,
W 150 lbf
1-11 The acceleration of an aircraft is given in g’s. The net upward force acting on a man in the
aircraft is to be determined.
Analysis From the Newton's second law, the force applied is
2 1N
F ma m(6 g) (90 kg)(6 ) 1 kg m/s 2 5297 N
9.81 m/s
, 1-3
1-12 [Also solved by EES on enclosed CD] A rock is thrown upward with a specified force.
The acceleration of the rock is to be determined.
Analysis The weight of the rock is
2 1N
W mg (5 kg)(9.79 ) 1 kg m/s 2 48.95 N
m/s
Then the net force that acts on the rock is
Fnet Fup Fdown 150 48.95 101.05 N
From the Newton's second law, the acceleration of the rock
Stone
becomes
F 101.05 N 1 kg m/s 2
a 20.2 m/s 2
m 5 kg 1N
1-13 EES Problem 1-12 is reconsidered. The entire EES solution is to be printed out,
including the numerical results with proper units.
Analysis The problem is solved using EES, and the solution is given below.
W=m*g"[N]"
m=5"[kg]"
g=9.79"[m/s^2]"
"The force balance on the rock yields the net force acting on the rock as"
F_net = F_up - F_down"[N]"
F_up=150"[N]"
F_down=W"[N]"
"The acceleration of the rock is determined from Newton's second law."
F_net=a*m
"To Run the program, press F2 or click on the calculator icon from the Calculate menu"
SOLUTION
a=20.21 [m/s^2]
F_down=48.95 [N]
F_net=101.1 [N]
F_up=150 [N]
g=9.79 [m/s^2]
m=5 [kg]
W=48.95 [N]
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
, 1-1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS
Thermodynamics
1-1 C Classical thermodynamics is based on experimental observations whereas statistical
thermodynamics is based on the average behavior of large groups of particles.
1-2 C On a downhill road the potential energy of the bicyclist is being converted to kinetic energy,
and thus the bicyclist picks up speed. There is no creation of energy, and thus no violation of the
conservation of energy principle.
1-3 C There is no truth to his claim. It violates the second law of thermodynamics.
Mass, Force, and Units
1-4 C Pound-mass lbm is the mass unit in English system whereas pound-force lbf is the force unit.
One pound-force is the force required to accelerate a mass of 32.174 lbm by 1 ft/s2. In other words,
the weight of a 1-lbm mass at sea level is 1 lbf.
1-5 C Kg-mass is the mass unit in the SI system whereas kg-force is a force unit. 1-kg-force is the
force required to accelerate a 1-kg mass by 9.807 m/s2. In other words, the weight of 1-kg mass at
sea level is 1 kg-force.
1-6 C There is no acceleration, thus the net force is zero in both cases.
1-7 A plastic tank is filled with water. The weight of the combined system is to be determined.
Assumptions The density of water is constant throughout.
Properties The density of water is given to be = 1000 kg/m3.
Analysis The mass of the water in the tank and the total mass are mtank = 3 kg
V =0.2 m 3
mw = V =(1000 kg/m3)(0.2 m3)
= 200 kg
H2O
mtotal = mw + mtank = 200 + 3 = 203 kg
Thus,
2 1N
W mg (203 kg)(9.81 m/s
1 kg ) m/s2 1991 N
, 1-2
1-8 The interior dimensions of a room are given. The mass and weight of the air in the room
are to be determined.
Assumptions The density of air is constant throughout the room.
Properties The density of air is given to be = 1.16 kg/m3.
Analysis The mass of the air in the room is ROOM
m V (1.16 kg/m 3 )(6 6 8 m3 ) 334.1 kg AIR
Thus, 6X6X8 m3
2 1N
W mg (334.1 kg)(9.81 ) 1 kg m/s 2 3277 N
m/s
1-9 The variation of gravitational acceleration above the sea level is given as a function of
altitude. The height at which the weight of a body will decrease by 1% is to be determined.
z
Analysis The weight of a body at the elevation z can be expressed as
W mg m(9.807 3.32
10 6 z) In our case,
W 0.99Ws 0.99mgs 0.99(m)(9.807)
Substituting,
0.99(9.81) (9.81 3.32 10 6 z) z 29,539 m 0
Sea level
1-10 E An astronaut took his scales with him to space. It is to be determined how much he will
weigh on the spring and beam scales in space.
Analysis (a) A spring scale measures weight, which is the local gravitational force applied on a body:
2 1 lbf
W mg (150 lbm)(5.48 ft/s
32.2)lbm ft/s 2 25.5 lbf
(b) A beam scale compares masses and thus is not affected by the variations in gravitational
acceleration. The beam scale will read what it reads on earth,
W 150 lbf
1-11 The acceleration of an aircraft is given in g’s. The net upward force acting on a man in the
aircraft is to be determined.
Analysis From the Newton's second law, the force applied is
2 1N
F ma m(6 g) (90 kg)(6 ) 1 kg m/s 2 5297 N
9.81 m/s
, 1-3
1-12 [Also solved by EES on enclosed CD] A rock is thrown upward with a specified force.
The acceleration of the rock is to be determined.
Analysis The weight of the rock is
2 1N
W mg (5 kg)(9.79 ) 1 kg m/s 2 48.95 N
m/s
Then the net force that acts on the rock is
Fnet Fup Fdown 150 48.95 101.05 N
From the Newton's second law, the acceleration of the rock
Stone
becomes
F 101.05 N 1 kg m/s 2
a 20.2 m/s 2
m 5 kg 1N
1-13 EES Problem 1-12 is reconsidered. The entire EES solution is to be printed out,
including the numerical results with proper units.
Analysis The problem is solved using EES, and the solution is given below.
W=m*g"[N]"
m=5"[kg]"
g=9.79"[m/s^2]"
"The force balance on the rock yields the net force acting on the rock as"
F_net = F_up - F_down"[N]"
F_up=150"[N]"
F_down=W"[N]"
"The acceleration of the rock is determined from Newton's second law."
F_net=a*m
"To Run the program, press F2 or click on the calculator icon from the Calculate menu"
SOLUTION
a=20.21 [m/s^2]
F_down=48.95 [N]
F_net=101.1 [N]
F_up=150 [N]
g=9.79 [m/s^2]
m=5 [kg]
W=48.95 [N]
