NSG 300 TOPIC 3: MOBILITY, IMMOBILITY, & HYGIENE – STUDY
NOTES & Q&A GUIDE
body mechanics
coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
Alignment and balance
posture
gravity
weight force exerted on the body
friction
force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement
skeletal system
provides attachments for muscles and ligaments, protects vital organs, aids in
calcium regulation
joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
ligaments
Connect bone to bone
tendons
Connect muscle to bone
cartilage
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than
bone
skeletal muscles are...
working elements of movement because of their ability to contract and relax
(activity practice)
Postural abnormalities
, can cause pain, impair alignment or mobility to both
Torticollis
head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle
lordosis
exaggeration of anterior convex of lumbar spine
kyphosis
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
scoliosis
Lateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of
hips and shoulders
Congenital Hip Dysplasia
Hip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasionally adduction
contractures
Knock-knee (genu valgum)
Legs curved inward so knees come together as person walks
Bowlegs (genu varum)
One or both legs bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2 to 3 years of age
clubfoot
95%: medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot (equinovarus) 5%: lateral
deviation and dorsiflexion (calcaneovalgus)
footdrop
Inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage
mobility
refers to a person's ability to move about freely
bed rest
NOTES & Q&A GUIDE
body mechanics
coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
Alignment and balance
posture
gravity
weight force exerted on the body
friction
force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement
skeletal system
provides attachments for muscles and ligaments, protects vital organs, aids in
calcium regulation
joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
ligaments
Connect bone to bone
tendons
Connect muscle to bone
cartilage
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than
bone
skeletal muscles are...
working elements of movement because of their ability to contract and relax
(activity practice)
Postural abnormalities
, can cause pain, impair alignment or mobility to both
Torticollis
head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle
lordosis
exaggeration of anterior convex of lumbar spine
kyphosis
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
scoliosis
Lateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of
hips and shoulders
Congenital Hip Dysplasia
Hip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasionally adduction
contractures
Knock-knee (genu valgum)
Legs curved inward so knees come together as person walks
Bowlegs (genu varum)
One or both legs bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2 to 3 years of age
clubfoot
95%: medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot (equinovarus) 5%: lateral
deviation and dorsiflexion (calcaneovalgus)
footdrop
Inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage
mobility
refers to a person's ability to move about freely
bed rest
