ANATOMY LECTURE FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Which of the following best defines anatomy? - answer;-It is the study of the structure of
body parts and their relationships with one another.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the complementarity of
anatomy and physiology? - answer;-Functions occur because of the anatomy that exists
within the body.
Label the levels of structural organization in the human body - answer;-
Which life process generates the raw materials and energy needed to sustain all other
life processes? - answer;-Metabolism
Maintaining Balance and Equilibrium - answer;-
With regards to a set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ a
physiological value to the set point or normal limit. - answer;-Returns
Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects
on other cells. - answer;-False
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? - answer;-Kinetic energy is
energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.
Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight? - answer;-
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount. - answer;-
False
What is the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond? - answer;-the
sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
What explains the negative charge on the oxygen atom within the water molecule? -
answer;-Oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent
bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen.
What type of bond is formed between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the
hydrogen atom of another water molecule? - answer;-hydrogen bond
Which of the following statements about the polarity of covalent bonds is correct? -
answer;-Small atoms with 6 or 7 valence shell electrons tend to be electronegative.
Which of the following statements regarding atoms is true? - answer;-The reactivity of
an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valance shell.
,ANATOMY LECTURE FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of chemical reactions? -
answer;-hyperbolic
Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction? - answer;-MgO2 →
Mg + O2
The pH scale __________. - answer;-is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in
a solution
When an acid is added to a solution containing a weak base, the weak base will buffer
the drop in pH by completely dissociating and accepting all of the hydrogen ions
released from the acid. - answer;-False
Water is an important molecule because it __________. - answer;-can form hydrogen
bonds
What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3? - answer;-alkaline
solution
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about carbohydrates? - answer;-The
chemical composition of carbohydrates includes two oxygens and one hydrogen for
every carbon present.
Molecule A is a __________. - answer;-Phospholipid
Both molecule A and molecule B are classified as __________. - answer;-Lipids
Which of the following is a primary function of molecule B? - answer;-energy storage
All amino acids, such as the four represented in the figure, contain __________. -
answer;-An amine group and an acid group
Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction without an enzyme
compared to the one with an enzyme? - answer;-Less energy input is required to start
the reaction in the presence of enzyme.
The major function of DNA is to provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis. -
answer;-True
What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells? - answer;-ATP
Label the cell structures - answer;-
Label the structures of the cell - answer;-
, ANATOMY LECTURE FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Which of the following names the three main parts of a human cell? - answer;-
cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus
What is the force driving all of these transport mechanisms? - answer;-diffusion down a
concentration gradient
Classify each cell as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic - answer;-
Ions are transported across plasma membranes using __________, which requires
__________. - answer;-channel-mediated facilitated diffusion; kinetic energy
Assume that Na+ is being transported across a membrane via facilitated diffusion.
Which of the following conditions would allow for the most transport of Na+ across that
membrane? - answer;-Na+ diffusing toward the side of the membrane with Cl− and 50%
less Na+
In a patient with severely burned skin, the damaged cells that have lost fluid cannot be
properly rehydrated because _________. - answer;-the disruption of selective
permeability allows water molecules that enter these damaged cells to also leave the
cytoplasm
How would a small, nonpolar molecule likely diffuse across a cell membrane? - answer;-
simple diffusion
Which of the following statements is true? - answer;-During exocytosis, substances from
inside the cell are moved outside.
Which of the following processes allows cells to concentrate specific material that is
present only in very small amounts in the extracellular fluid? - answer;-receptor-
mediated endocytosis
What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma
membrane? - answer;-Active transport is ATP dependent, whereas passive transport
uses only the kinetic energy of the particles for movement across the plasma
membrane.
In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all
cells are polarized. - answer;-True
What is a membrane potential? - answer;-a voltage or electrical charge across the
plasma membrane
What major function occurs on the specific membranes indicated by A? - answer;-
synthesis of proteins
Which of the following best defines anatomy? - answer;-It is the study of the structure of
body parts and their relationships with one another.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the complementarity of
anatomy and physiology? - answer;-Functions occur because of the anatomy that exists
within the body.
Label the levels of structural organization in the human body - answer;-
Which life process generates the raw materials and energy needed to sustain all other
life processes? - answer;-Metabolism
Maintaining Balance and Equilibrium - answer;-
With regards to a set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ a
physiological value to the set point or normal limit. - answer;-Returns
Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects
on other cells. - answer;-False
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? - answer;-Kinetic energy is
energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.
Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight? - answer;-
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount. - answer;-
False
What is the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond? - answer;-the
sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
What explains the negative charge on the oxygen atom within the water molecule? -
answer;-Oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent
bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen.
What type of bond is formed between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the
hydrogen atom of another water molecule? - answer;-hydrogen bond
Which of the following statements about the polarity of covalent bonds is correct? -
answer;-Small atoms with 6 or 7 valence shell electrons tend to be electronegative.
Which of the following statements regarding atoms is true? - answer;-The reactivity of
an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valance shell.
,ANATOMY LECTURE FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of chemical reactions? -
answer;-hyperbolic
Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction? - answer;-MgO2 →
Mg + O2
The pH scale __________. - answer;-is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in
a solution
When an acid is added to a solution containing a weak base, the weak base will buffer
the drop in pH by completely dissociating and accepting all of the hydrogen ions
released from the acid. - answer;-False
Water is an important molecule because it __________. - answer;-can form hydrogen
bonds
What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3? - answer;-alkaline
solution
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about carbohydrates? - answer;-The
chemical composition of carbohydrates includes two oxygens and one hydrogen for
every carbon present.
Molecule A is a __________. - answer;-Phospholipid
Both molecule A and molecule B are classified as __________. - answer;-Lipids
Which of the following is a primary function of molecule B? - answer;-energy storage
All amino acids, such as the four represented in the figure, contain __________. -
answer;-An amine group and an acid group
Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction without an enzyme
compared to the one with an enzyme? - answer;-Less energy input is required to start
the reaction in the presence of enzyme.
The major function of DNA is to provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis. -
answer;-True
What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells? - answer;-ATP
Label the cell structures - answer;-
Label the structures of the cell - answer;-
, ANATOMY LECTURE FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Which of the following names the three main parts of a human cell? - answer;-
cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus
What is the force driving all of these transport mechanisms? - answer;-diffusion down a
concentration gradient
Classify each cell as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic - answer;-
Ions are transported across plasma membranes using __________, which requires
__________. - answer;-channel-mediated facilitated diffusion; kinetic energy
Assume that Na+ is being transported across a membrane via facilitated diffusion.
Which of the following conditions would allow for the most transport of Na+ across that
membrane? - answer;-Na+ diffusing toward the side of the membrane with Cl− and 50%
less Na+
In a patient with severely burned skin, the damaged cells that have lost fluid cannot be
properly rehydrated because _________. - answer;-the disruption of selective
permeability allows water molecules that enter these damaged cells to also leave the
cytoplasm
How would a small, nonpolar molecule likely diffuse across a cell membrane? - answer;-
simple diffusion
Which of the following statements is true? - answer;-During exocytosis, substances from
inside the cell are moved outside.
Which of the following processes allows cells to concentrate specific material that is
present only in very small amounts in the extracellular fluid? - answer;-receptor-
mediated endocytosis
What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma
membrane? - answer;-Active transport is ATP dependent, whereas passive transport
uses only the kinetic energy of the particles for movement across the plasma
membrane.
In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all
cells are polarized. - answer;-True
What is a membrane potential? - answer;-a voltage or electrical charge across the
plasma membrane
What major function occurs on the specific membranes indicated by A? - answer;-
synthesis of proteins
