NSG 300 TOPIC 7: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND OXYGENATION
OVERVIEW
respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism
what are the three steps in the process of oxygenation?
ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion
ventilation
the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
perfusion
the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenates blood to the tissues
and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion
exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
inspiration
an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta.
expiration
a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs,
requiring little or no muscle work.
surfactant
a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and
keep them from collapsing.
atelectasis
a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide. (collapsed lung)
compliance
, the ability of the lungs to distend or expand in response to increased interalveolar
pressure.
when does compliance of the lungs decrease?
in diseases such as pulmonary edema, interstitial and pleural fibrosis, and
congenital or traumatic structural abnormalities such as kyphosis or fractured ribs.
airway resistance
the increase in pressure that occurs as the diameter of the airways decreases from
mouth/nose to alveoli.
increased vs decreased airway resistance
increased: bronchoconstriction
decreases: bronchodilation
prolonged use of accessory muscles....
does not promote effective ventilation and causes fatigue.
where do you see the use of accessory muscles in a patient
During assessment observe for elevation of the patient's clavicles during
inspiration, which can indicate ventilatory fatigue, air hunger, or decreased lung
expansion.
tidal volume
is the amount of air exhaled following a normal inspiration.
residual volume
is the amount of air left in the alveoli after a full expiration.
forced vital capacity
the maximum amount of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced
expiration
blood moves to and from the ______ for gas exchange
alveolar capillary
OVERVIEW
respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism
what are the three steps in the process of oxygenation?
ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion
ventilation
the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
perfusion
the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenates blood to the tissues
and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion
exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
inspiration
an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta.
expiration
a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs,
requiring little or no muscle work.
surfactant
a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and
keep them from collapsing.
atelectasis
a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide. (collapsed lung)
compliance
, the ability of the lungs to distend or expand in response to increased interalveolar
pressure.
when does compliance of the lungs decrease?
in diseases such as pulmonary edema, interstitial and pleural fibrosis, and
congenital or traumatic structural abnormalities such as kyphosis or fractured ribs.
airway resistance
the increase in pressure that occurs as the diameter of the airways decreases from
mouth/nose to alveoli.
increased vs decreased airway resistance
increased: bronchoconstriction
decreases: bronchodilation
prolonged use of accessory muscles....
does not promote effective ventilation and causes fatigue.
where do you see the use of accessory muscles in a patient
During assessment observe for elevation of the patient's clavicles during
inspiration, which can indicate ventilatory fatigue, air hunger, or decreased lung
expansion.
tidal volume
is the amount of air exhaled following a normal inspiration.
residual volume
is the amount of air left in the alveoli after a full expiration.
forced vital capacity
the maximum amount of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced
expiration
blood moves to and from the ______ for gas exchange
alveolar capillary
