ATI PN FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 2025
Indicator of pain - >>>>> ANSWER Dilated pupils
PT with active TB - >>>>> ANSWER Negative airflow room pressure
Positive finding for guaiac smear on stool specimen - >>>>> ANSWER Blue
Adolescent PT plan of care with bacterial infection - >>>>> ANSWER Fever- blood cultures
Motor/expressive aphasia pain scale - >>>>> ANSWER Numeric
Mild anxiety symptom - >>>>> ANSWER Insomnia
Severe anxiety symptom - >>>>> ANSWER Nausea
Sitting down with crutches - >>>>> ANSWER Both crutches should be in one hand
Palliative care - >>>>> ANSWER A switch from curative treatment to comfort measures
Indicator of acute pain - >>>>> ANSWER Dilated pupils
Causes of hypovolemia - >>>>> ANSWER abnormal gastrointestinal losses- vomiting, nasogastric
suctioning, diarrhea. abnormal skin losses- diaphoresis. abnormal renal losses- diuretic therapy,
diabetes insipidus, renal disease, adrenal insufficiency, osmotic diuretics. third spacing-
peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascitis, burns. hemorrhage. altered intake- NPO.
, causes of dehydration - >>>>> ANSWER hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis, enternal feeding
without sufficient water intake.
HCT - >>>>> ANSWER hypovalemia- increased hct. dehydration- increased hemoconcentration
but not present when dehydration is caused by hemorrhage. overyhydration- decreased hct=
hemodilution
serum osmolarity - >>>>> ANSWER dehydration-increased hemoconcentration osmolarity (>300
mOsm/L-increased protein, BUN, electrolytes, glucose. overyhydration- decreased hemodilution
(osmolarity less than 270 mOsm/L)
levels: 180-300 mOsm/L.
urine specific gravity and osmolarity - >>>>> ANSWER dehydration- increased concentration
serum sodium - >>>>> ANSWER increased hemoconcentration. hypervolemia- sodium within
expected reference range.
levels: 136-145 mEq/L.
Causes of hypervolemia - >>>>> ANSWER chronic stimulus to the kidney to conserve sodium
and water (heart failure, cirrhosis, increased glucocorticosteroids), abnormal renal function with
reduced excretion of sodium and water (renal failure), interstitial to plasma fluid shifts
(hypertonic fluids, burns), age-related changes in cariovascular and renal function, excessive
sodium intake
Causes of overhydration - >>>>> ANSWER water replacement without electrolyte replacement
(strenuous exercise with profuse diaphoresis)
electrolytes, BUN, and creatinine - >>>>> ANSWER overhydration/hypervolemia- decreased
electrolytes, BUN, and creatinine
Indicator of pain - >>>>> ANSWER Dilated pupils
PT with active TB - >>>>> ANSWER Negative airflow room pressure
Positive finding for guaiac smear on stool specimen - >>>>> ANSWER Blue
Adolescent PT plan of care with bacterial infection - >>>>> ANSWER Fever- blood cultures
Motor/expressive aphasia pain scale - >>>>> ANSWER Numeric
Mild anxiety symptom - >>>>> ANSWER Insomnia
Severe anxiety symptom - >>>>> ANSWER Nausea
Sitting down with crutches - >>>>> ANSWER Both crutches should be in one hand
Palliative care - >>>>> ANSWER A switch from curative treatment to comfort measures
Indicator of acute pain - >>>>> ANSWER Dilated pupils
Causes of hypovolemia - >>>>> ANSWER abnormal gastrointestinal losses- vomiting, nasogastric
suctioning, diarrhea. abnormal skin losses- diaphoresis. abnormal renal losses- diuretic therapy,
diabetes insipidus, renal disease, adrenal insufficiency, osmotic diuretics. third spacing-
peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascitis, burns. hemorrhage. altered intake- NPO.
, causes of dehydration - >>>>> ANSWER hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis, enternal feeding
without sufficient water intake.
HCT - >>>>> ANSWER hypovalemia- increased hct. dehydration- increased hemoconcentration
but not present when dehydration is caused by hemorrhage. overyhydration- decreased hct=
hemodilution
serum osmolarity - >>>>> ANSWER dehydration-increased hemoconcentration osmolarity (>300
mOsm/L-increased protein, BUN, electrolytes, glucose. overyhydration- decreased hemodilution
(osmolarity less than 270 mOsm/L)
levels: 180-300 mOsm/L.
urine specific gravity and osmolarity - >>>>> ANSWER dehydration- increased concentration
serum sodium - >>>>> ANSWER increased hemoconcentration. hypervolemia- sodium within
expected reference range.
levels: 136-145 mEq/L.
Causes of hypervolemia - >>>>> ANSWER chronic stimulus to the kidney to conserve sodium
and water (heart failure, cirrhosis, increased glucocorticosteroids), abnormal renal function with
reduced excretion of sodium and water (renal failure), interstitial to plasma fluid shifts
(hypertonic fluids, burns), age-related changes in cariovascular and renal function, excessive
sodium intake
Causes of overhydration - >>>>> ANSWER water replacement without electrolyte replacement
(strenuous exercise with profuse diaphoresis)
electrolytes, BUN, and creatinine - >>>>> ANSWER overhydration/hypervolemia- decreased
electrolytes, BUN, and creatinine
