MARYVILLE NURS 611 PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
What is the chance of a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women who inherit the
BRACA1 or BRACA2 gene? - CORRECT ANSWERS 50-80%
What is the risk of developing breast cancer if a woman has 1 affected 1st degree relative? -
CORRECT ANSWERS double the risk
How common is a given disease in a population? - CORRECT ANSWERS well-established
measures are used to answer this question
What is the definition of incidence rate? - CORRECT ANSWERS number of new cases of
a disease reported during a specific period (typically 1 year) divided by the number of
individuals in the population
What is the definition of relative risk? - CORRECT ANSWERS a common measure of the
effect of a specific risk factor
how is relative risk expressed? - CORRECT ANSWERS a ratio of the incidence rate of the
disease among individuals exposed to a risk factor divided by the incidence of the disease
among individuals not exposed to a risk factor
Ex: the incidence of death from lung cancer was 1.66 (per 1000 person-years) in heavy smokers
(>25 cigs/day), but it was only 0.07 in the non smokers. The ratio of these two incidence rates is
1.66/0.07, which yields a relative risk of 23.7 deaths. Thus, the risk of dying from lung cancer is
increased by 24-fold in heavy smokers vs nonsmokers
What are the major characteristics of type 1 DM? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1- T-cell
infiltration of the pancreas
,MARYVILLE NURS 611 PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
2-destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells
3-auto-antibodies are formed against pancreatic cells
What does epigenetics do? - CORRECT ANSWERS bridges DNA info and function by
modifying gene expression without any alteration in DNA sequence
What can epigenetic modification cause individuals with the same DNA (twins) - CORRECT
ANSWERS have different disease profiles
Ex: the occurrence of asthma in only one pair of the identical twins
What is demonstrated when twins age? what does this cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-
they demonstrate increasing differences in methylation patterns of their DNA sequences
causing increased numbers in phenotype differences
What environmental factors can affect epigenetic modification? - CORRECT ANSWERS
diet and exposure to certain chemicals
What is the main difference between DNA mutation and epigenetic modification? -
CORRECT ANSWERS DNA sequence mutations cannot be altered but epigenetic
modifications can be reversed
Ex: 5-azacytidin
When messenger RNA (mRNA) is over-expressed what does it result in and why? - CORRECT
ANSWERS 1-results in metastasis of an already existing cancer
2- hypermethylation is in miRNA genes that bind to the ends of mRNAs, degrading them and
preventing their translation, so when mRNA targets are over-expressed it increases metastasis
ability to continue.
, MARYVILLE NURS 611 PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
What are the 8 signs and symptoms of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-headache
2-thirst
3-dry skin
4-dry mucous membranes
5- elevated temp
6-weight loss (except with edema)
7- decreased/ concentrated urine
8- skin turgor normal or decreased (not great ex) look at tongue
What are 4 signs and symptoms of HYPOvolemia - CORRECT ANSWERS 1- tachycardia
2-weak pulse
3- dizziness
4- postural hypotension
what receptors cause us to feel thirst? how are they activated? - CORRECT ANSWERS
1- osmoreceptors
2- activated by increase in osmotic pressure of the plasma
Name 3 populations vulnerable to fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWERS 1- infants:
75-80% total body water
2- obese: fat is water repelling (BMI >30)
3-elderly: thirst sensation is diminished
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
What is the chance of a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women who inherit the
BRACA1 or BRACA2 gene? - CORRECT ANSWERS 50-80%
What is the risk of developing breast cancer if a woman has 1 affected 1st degree relative? -
CORRECT ANSWERS double the risk
How common is a given disease in a population? - CORRECT ANSWERS well-established
measures are used to answer this question
What is the definition of incidence rate? - CORRECT ANSWERS number of new cases of
a disease reported during a specific period (typically 1 year) divided by the number of
individuals in the population
What is the definition of relative risk? - CORRECT ANSWERS a common measure of the
effect of a specific risk factor
how is relative risk expressed? - CORRECT ANSWERS a ratio of the incidence rate of the
disease among individuals exposed to a risk factor divided by the incidence of the disease
among individuals not exposed to a risk factor
Ex: the incidence of death from lung cancer was 1.66 (per 1000 person-years) in heavy smokers
(>25 cigs/day), but it was only 0.07 in the non smokers. The ratio of these two incidence rates is
1.66/0.07, which yields a relative risk of 23.7 deaths. Thus, the risk of dying from lung cancer is
increased by 24-fold in heavy smokers vs nonsmokers
What are the major characteristics of type 1 DM? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1- T-cell
infiltration of the pancreas
,MARYVILLE NURS 611 PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
2-destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells
3-auto-antibodies are formed against pancreatic cells
What does epigenetics do? - CORRECT ANSWERS bridges DNA info and function by
modifying gene expression without any alteration in DNA sequence
What can epigenetic modification cause individuals with the same DNA (twins) - CORRECT
ANSWERS have different disease profiles
Ex: the occurrence of asthma in only one pair of the identical twins
What is demonstrated when twins age? what does this cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-
they demonstrate increasing differences in methylation patterns of their DNA sequences
causing increased numbers in phenotype differences
What environmental factors can affect epigenetic modification? - CORRECT ANSWERS
diet and exposure to certain chemicals
What is the main difference between DNA mutation and epigenetic modification? -
CORRECT ANSWERS DNA sequence mutations cannot be altered but epigenetic
modifications can be reversed
Ex: 5-azacytidin
When messenger RNA (mRNA) is over-expressed what does it result in and why? - CORRECT
ANSWERS 1-results in metastasis of an already existing cancer
2- hypermethylation is in miRNA genes that bind to the ends of mRNAs, degrading them and
preventing their translation, so when mRNA targets are over-expressed it increases metastasis
ability to continue.
, MARYVILLE NURS 611 PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOADED 2025/2026 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
What are the 8 signs and symptoms of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-headache
2-thirst
3-dry skin
4-dry mucous membranes
5- elevated temp
6-weight loss (except with edema)
7- decreased/ concentrated urine
8- skin turgor normal or decreased (not great ex) look at tongue
What are 4 signs and symptoms of HYPOvolemia - CORRECT ANSWERS 1- tachycardia
2-weak pulse
3- dizziness
4- postural hypotension
what receptors cause us to feel thirst? how are they activated? - CORRECT ANSWERS
1- osmoreceptors
2- activated by increase in osmotic pressure of the plasma
Name 3 populations vulnerable to fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWERS 1- infants:
75-80% total body water
2- obese: fat is water repelling (BMI >30)
3-elderly: thirst sensation is diminished
