1|Page
SANS 401 FINAL EXAM 2025/ 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS AND RATIONALES /ALREADY
GRADED A+||LATEST EXAM!!||
The following example shows which kind of cipher
operation?CAT becomes PNGPNG becomes CAT (Book 4
Page 18)
Permutation
XOR operation
Rotation substitution
One-way operation - Answer-Rotation Subsitution
Which of the following cryptographic algorithms is best
suited for an application that requires high security and
high speed; despite very limited space and power
resources (such as with a smart card)? (Book 4 Page 74)
RSA
IDEA
3DES
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ECC - Answer-ECC
After storing the cryptographic hashes of critical files in a
secure location, what is the next step in the process of file
integrity checking? (Book 4 Page 202)
Alert on new files within critical directories.
At set intervals, rerun cryptographic hashes on the
specified files.
Confirm that cryptographic hashes cannot be modified.
Compare new hashes against the original. - Answer-
Confirm the cryptographic hashes cannot be modfied
Which of the following provides secure e-mail abilities
such as digitally signed email and encrypted email? (Book
4 Page 104)
EFS
Veracrypt
GPG
BitLocker - Answer-GPG
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Which of the following is true of IDS? (Book 4 Page 149)
It requires monitoring and maintenance.
It protects from an attack.
It replaces firewalls.
It does not need trained analysts. - Answer-It requires
monitoring and maintenance
What is the correct classification when an IDS triggers
malicious activity alerts that are determined to be
benign/normal activity? (Book 4 Page 150)
True negative
False positive
True positive
False negative - Answer-False Positive
Which of the following ciphers would provide for
nonrepudiation of an e-mail that you compose and are
about to send? (Book 4 Page 13)
SANS 401 FINAL EXAM 2025/ 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS AND RATIONALES /ALREADY
GRADED A+||LATEST EXAM!!||
The following example shows which kind of cipher
operation?CAT becomes PNGPNG becomes CAT (Book 4
Page 18)
Permutation
XOR operation
Rotation substitution
One-way operation - Answer-Rotation Subsitution
Which of the following cryptographic algorithms is best
suited for an application that requires high security and
high speed; despite very limited space and power
resources (such as with a smart card)? (Book 4 Page 74)
RSA
IDEA
3DES
,2|Page
ECC - Answer-ECC
After storing the cryptographic hashes of critical files in a
secure location, what is the next step in the process of file
integrity checking? (Book 4 Page 202)
Alert on new files within critical directories.
At set intervals, rerun cryptographic hashes on the
specified files.
Confirm that cryptographic hashes cannot be modified.
Compare new hashes against the original. - Answer-
Confirm the cryptographic hashes cannot be modfied
Which of the following provides secure e-mail abilities
such as digitally signed email and encrypted email? (Book
4 Page 104)
EFS
Veracrypt
GPG
BitLocker - Answer-GPG
, 3|Page
Which of the following is true of IDS? (Book 4 Page 149)
It requires monitoring and maintenance.
It protects from an attack.
It replaces firewalls.
It does not need trained analysts. - Answer-It requires
monitoring and maintenance
What is the correct classification when an IDS triggers
malicious activity alerts that are determined to be
benign/normal activity? (Book 4 Page 150)
True negative
False positive
True positive
False negative - Answer-False Positive
Which of the following ciphers would provide for
nonrepudiation of an e-mail that you compose and are
about to send? (Book 4 Page 13)
