GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
how do we measure the volume of the total body water - CORRECT ANSWERS substance used
must cross cell membrane freely
use titrated water and 'heavy water, D20' (not radioactive)
take sample from plasma membrane
LOOK AT REVIEW SLIDE
how do we measure the volume of the intracellular fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS cannot be
measured directly
calculate total body water and subtract extracellular fluid volume
what is the capillary wall - CORRECT ANSWERS barrier separating the plasma and interstitial
compartments
passive transport and exchange
passive exchange driven by chemical concentration gradient
semi-permeable
why are capillaries so important - CORRECT ANSWERS where nutrients, O2, and CO2 are
exchanged
have larger surface area to increase exchange
what is hydrostatic pressure (Pc) - CORRECT ANSWERS fluid pressure of blood
pushes water and solutes out of the capillaries
forward motion of blood requires falling hydrostatic pressure through vessels from arterial end to
venous end
higher on arterial end
lower on venous end
,GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
what is the colloid osmotic pressure (pic) - CORRECT ANSWERS opposite hydrostatic pressure
due to plasma proteins that can't cross the wall
try to pull fluids and solutes back in (absorption)
higher on venous end of capillary
lower on arterial end of capillary
increases when fluid leaves capillary
what is oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS hydrostatic pressure - colloid osmotic pressure
how does filtration happen throughout the capillary - CORRECT ANSWERS hydrostatic pressure
higher higher at arterial end and colloid osmotic pressure is lower
forces water and solute out into interstitial fluid
how does total body water change when person becomes more obese - CORRECT ANSWERS
total body water will decrease and % of fat will increase
little water in fat
what divides the intracellular and extracellular fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS cell wall (plasma
membrane)
what controls the fluid movement between the interstitial and plasma - CORRECT ANSWERS
Starling Pressures
what is the definition of osmolality - CORRECT ANSWERS the number of free (dissociated)
particles in solution
units are osm or mosm/kg of H2O
,GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
what determines the osmolality in body fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS the number of particles
NOT size of the particles
what determines the osmolality in the ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS charged electrolytes (ions)
which associate to produce a molecule and dissociate in solution
is the osmolality the same of different between the ICF and ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS the same
about 290-300 mosm/kg H2O
why is osmotic equilibrium possible - CORRECT ANSWERS the cell membrane is freely
permeable to water
in which direction does water move - CORRECT ANSWERS from low to high concentration
what is an isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWERS no osmotic gradient
no water movement
healthy cell
what is a hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWERS more particles outside cell than inside cell
water leaves cell
cell shrinks
what is a hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWERS more particles inside cell than outside
water moves in
cell swells and bursts (hemolysis)
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
what happens to the cell when you add pure water to the solution - CORRECT ANSWERS both
ICFV and ECFV expand
osmolality falls
water will flow from blood to plasma across barrier into cell
what happens to the cell when you add isotonic NaCl (IV infusion) - CORRECT ANSWERS no
change in volume in ICFV
ECFV expands bc NaCl can't cross membrane
no water movement across barrier
no change in osmolality
infusion is isoosmotic
what happens to the cell when you add pure NaCl (eat a very salty meal) - CORRECT ANSWERS
ICFV shrinks
ECFV expands
osmolality increases everywhere
water leaves cell
what is a hypertonic contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS happens during heavy sweating
dehydration
loss of excess water without loss of NaCl
both ECF and ICF volumes decrease
increase in osmolality due to excess loss of H2O
what is an isotonic contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS equivalent loss of salt and H2O
diarrhea, vomiting
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
how do we measure the volume of the total body water - CORRECT ANSWERS substance used
must cross cell membrane freely
use titrated water and 'heavy water, D20' (not radioactive)
take sample from plasma membrane
LOOK AT REVIEW SLIDE
how do we measure the volume of the intracellular fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS cannot be
measured directly
calculate total body water and subtract extracellular fluid volume
what is the capillary wall - CORRECT ANSWERS barrier separating the plasma and interstitial
compartments
passive transport and exchange
passive exchange driven by chemical concentration gradient
semi-permeable
why are capillaries so important - CORRECT ANSWERS where nutrients, O2, and CO2 are
exchanged
have larger surface area to increase exchange
what is hydrostatic pressure (Pc) - CORRECT ANSWERS fluid pressure of blood
pushes water and solutes out of the capillaries
forward motion of blood requires falling hydrostatic pressure through vessels from arterial end to
venous end
higher on arterial end
lower on venous end
,GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
what is the colloid osmotic pressure (pic) - CORRECT ANSWERS opposite hydrostatic pressure
due to plasma proteins that can't cross the wall
try to pull fluids and solutes back in (absorption)
higher on venous end of capillary
lower on arterial end of capillary
increases when fluid leaves capillary
what is oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS hydrostatic pressure - colloid osmotic pressure
how does filtration happen throughout the capillary - CORRECT ANSWERS hydrostatic pressure
higher higher at arterial end and colloid osmotic pressure is lower
forces water and solute out into interstitial fluid
how does total body water change when person becomes more obese - CORRECT ANSWERS
total body water will decrease and % of fat will increase
little water in fat
what divides the intracellular and extracellular fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS cell wall (plasma
membrane)
what controls the fluid movement between the interstitial and plasma - CORRECT ANSWERS
Starling Pressures
what is the definition of osmolality - CORRECT ANSWERS the number of free (dissociated)
particles in solution
units are osm or mosm/kg of H2O
,GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
what determines the osmolality in body fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS the number of particles
NOT size of the particles
what determines the osmolality in the ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS charged electrolytes (ions)
which associate to produce a molecule and dissociate in solution
is the osmolality the same of different between the ICF and ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS the same
about 290-300 mosm/kg H2O
why is osmotic equilibrium possible - CORRECT ANSWERS the cell membrane is freely
permeable to water
in which direction does water move - CORRECT ANSWERS from low to high concentration
what is an isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWERS no osmotic gradient
no water movement
healthy cell
what is a hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWERS more particles outside cell than inside cell
water leaves cell
cell shrinks
what is a hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWERS more particles inside cell than outside
water moves in
cell swells and bursts (hemolysis)
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
what happens to the cell when you add pure water to the solution - CORRECT ANSWERS both
ICFV and ECFV expand
osmolality falls
water will flow from blood to plasma across barrier into cell
what happens to the cell when you add isotonic NaCl (IV infusion) - CORRECT ANSWERS no
change in volume in ICFV
ECFV expands bc NaCl can't cross membrane
no water movement across barrier
no change in osmolality
infusion is isoosmotic
what happens to the cell when you add pure NaCl (eat a very salty meal) - CORRECT ANSWERS
ICFV shrinks
ECFV expands
osmolality increases everywhere
water leaves cell
what is a hypertonic contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS happens during heavy sweating
dehydration
loss of excess water without loss of NaCl
both ECF and ICF volumes decrease
increase in osmolality due to excess loss of H2O
what is an isotonic contraction - CORRECT ANSWERS equivalent loss of salt and H2O
diarrhea, vomiting
