ATI MED SURG Actual Exam 3 (2025) comprehensive questions and verified answers (
detailed & elaborated) 2025-2026 TEST
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic gastritis. Provide three (3) dietary
recommendations the nurse should include in client education?
1. Provide small, frequent meals
2. Advise the client to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and foods that may cause gastric
irritation
3. Encourage the client to eat slowly
A nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted with renal calculi. List
three (3) interventions the nurse will take in the management of renal calculi.
1. Strain all urine to check for passage of stone and save the stone for laboratory
analysis
2. Encourage increased PO intake up to 3L/day unless contraindicated
3. Encourage ambulation to promote passage of stone
A nurse is providing education to a client with high blood pressure about the
importance of maintaining antihypertensive therapy. What are three (3)
complications that can occur with prolonged, untreated or poorly controlled
hypertension?
1. PVD
2. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle
3. Hypertensive crisis
A nurse is caring for a client with Rheumatoid arthritis who is prescribed a
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of joint pain.
Provide three (3) teaching points in client education the nurse should provide
regarding this medication therapy?
1. Instruct patient to take medication with food or with a full glass of water or milk. If
taking routinely, H2-receptor antagonist may also be prescribed.
2. Observe for GI bleeding (coffee-ground emesis; dark, tarry stools)
3. Avoid alcohol, which can increase the risk of GI complications.
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing metabolic acidosis. What are three
(3) causes of metabolic acidosis?
1. Excess production of hydrogen ions (DKA, lactic acidosis, starvation, heavy
exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, intoxication with ethanol or salicylates)
2. Inadequate elimination of hydrogen ions (kidney failure)
, 3. Inadequate production of bicarbonate (kidney failure, pancreatitis, liver failure,
dehydration)
A nurse is caring for a client scheduled for a liver biopsy. What nursing
actions should be taken before, during and after this procedure?
•Position the client on the RIGHT side for 1-2h after to ensure hemostasis
•Monitor for hemorrhage (coagulation studies, frank bleeding)
A nurse is caring for a client with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
(DIC). What laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
↓Hemoglobin
↓Platelets (thrombocytopenia)
↓Fibrinogen levels
↑Prothrombin time (PT)
↑Partial thromboplastin (PTT)
↑D-dimer
What is a potassium hydroxide (KOH) test and what specific nursing actions
should be taken when obtaining fungal skin specimens?
Potassium hydroxide test (KOH) confirms a fungal skin lesion. A microscopic
examination of the scales scraped off a lesion is mixed with potassium hydroxide
(KOH)
•Collect scales using a wooden tongue depressor and placing the specimen in a
clean container to be sent to the laboratory
•If a fungal culture is needed because of inconclusive results due to a deeper fungal
infection, a punch biopsy is performed.
•Specimens must be properly labeled and delivered to the laboratory promptly for
appropriate storage and analysis.
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple risk factors for peripheral vascular
disease. List four (4) risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease.
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, DM, cigarette smoking
A nurse is caring for a client following a hypophysectomy. What postoperative
nursing actions should be taken for this client?
• Monitor and correct electrolytes, especially Na+, K+, and chloride. Monitor and
adjust serum glucose levels. Monitor EKG.
• Protect patient from developing an infection by using good hand hygiene and
detailed & elaborated) 2025-2026 TEST
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic gastritis. Provide three (3) dietary
recommendations the nurse should include in client education?
1. Provide small, frequent meals
2. Advise the client to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and foods that may cause gastric
irritation
3. Encourage the client to eat slowly
A nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted with renal calculi. List
three (3) interventions the nurse will take in the management of renal calculi.
1. Strain all urine to check for passage of stone and save the stone for laboratory
analysis
2. Encourage increased PO intake up to 3L/day unless contraindicated
3. Encourage ambulation to promote passage of stone
A nurse is providing education to a client with high blood pressure about the
importance of maintaining antihypertensive therapy. What are three (3)
complications that can occur with prolonged, untreated or poorly controlled
hypertension?
1. PVD
2. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle
3. Hypertensive crisis
A nurse is caring for a client with Rheumatoid arthritis who is prescribed a
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of joint pain.
Provide three (3) teaching points in client education the nurse should provide
regarding this medication therapy?
1. Instruct patient to take medication with food or with a full glass of water or milk. If
taking routinely, H2-receptor antagonist may also be prescribed.
2. Observe for GI bleeding (coffee-ground emesis; dark, tarry stools)
3. Avoid alcohol, which can increase the risk of GI complications.
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing metabolic acidosis. What are three
(3) causes of metabolic acidosis?
1. Excess production of hydrogen ions (DKA, lactic acidosis, starvation, heavy
exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, intoxication with ethanol or salicylates)
2. Inadequate elimination of hydrogen ions (kidney failure)
, 3. Inadequate production of bicarbonate (kidney failure, pancreatitis, liver failure,
dehydration)
A nurse is caring for a client scheduled for a liver biopsy. What nursing
actions should be taken before, during and after this procedure?
•Position the client on the RIGHT side for 1-2h after to ensure hemostasis
•Monitor for hemorrhage (coagulation studies, frank bleeding)
A nurse is caring for a client with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
(DIC). What laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
↓Hemoglobin
↓Platelets (thrombocytopenia)
↓Fibrinogen levels
↑Prothrombin time (PT)
↑Partial thromboplastin (PTT)
↑D-dimer
What is a potassium hydroxide (KOH) test and what specific nursing actions
should be taken when obtaining fungal skin specimens?
Potassium hydroxide test (KOH) confirms a fungal skin lesion. A microscopic
examination of the scales scraped off a lesion is mixed with potassium hydroxide
(KOH)
•Collect scales using a wooden tongue depressor and placing the specimen in a
clean container to be sent to the laboratory
•If a fungal culture is needed because of inconclusive results due to a deeper fungal
infection, a punch biopsy is performed.
•Specimens must be properly labeled and delivered to the laboratory promptly for
appropriate storage and analysis.
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple risk factors for peripheral vascular
disease. List four (4) risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease.
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, DM, cigarette smoking
A nurse is caring for a client following a hypophysectomy. What postoperative
nursing actions should be taken for this client?
• Monitor and correct electrolytes, especially Na+, K+, and chloride. Monitor and
adjust serum glucose levels. Monitor EKG.
• Protect patient from developing an infection by using good hand hygiene and
