AP World Study Guide : units 1 and 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_749776
1. How and why was Buddhism unpopular when it first arrived in China?: Buddhism
was unpopular when it first arrived in China because its beliefs conflicted with many pre-existing Chinese societal norms
2. How and why did Buddhism become more appealing over time?: Buddhism became
more appealing overtime as a result of the fall of the Han Dynasty. Many citizens stuck in the disarray of the Han dynasties
fall desired the foundation that the Han dynasty provided
3. How and why did Buddhism lose state support in the latter years of the Tang
Dynasty?: Buddhism lost support through the years of the tang dynasty because the rulers saw Buddhism as a
threat to their power and felt as though Buddhism was creating a state within their state, pulling the power from the
main government
4. Pure Land School of Buddhism: A popular form of Buddhism in China that emphasized salvation
through piety accompanied by arduous study or intense meditation. The Pure Land School promised rebirth after death
into a heavenly realm called the Pure Land. (Chinese version of Indian Buddhism)
5. An Lushan Rebellion: the An Lushan Rebellion was a revolt lead by a general of foreign origin that was
aimed at the Tang Dynasty
Those who rebelled felt as though China had been tainted by foreign ideas and beliefs for too long and a resentment
began to grow among the literate class towards people of foreign origin. In short they were xenophobic. Through the
revolt, they aid to overtake China and restore it to the pure state it was prior to foreign influence.
6. confucianism: A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the
way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.
7. daoism: A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.
8. Legalism: Chinese philosophy that responded to wrong doings with harsh punishment in an attempt to deter
further wrong doings from taking place. taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh
laws
9. How did Islam spread to India?: Recently converted Turkish speaking warriors from central Asia
brought Islam to northern India
10. Why was Islam appealing in India and who did it appeal to?: those who were
considered lower class in their religion were attracted to Islam because of its principals of equality and its beliefs that
people are equal and deserve equal opportunity and rights.
Additionally there was incentive to convert because through conversion, people avoided taxes imposed of non-Muslims
11. How and why did the beliefs of Islam clash with Hindu culture?: There was a sharp
cultural divide between Islam and Hinduism. Islam was the most radically monotheistic of the worlds religions while
Hinduism was one of the most prolifically polytheistic religions. Islam stressed equality and the Islamic society was
, AP World Study Guide : units 1 and 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_749776
majorly egalitarian meaning that they believed that everyone should have equal right and equal opportunity. On the
other hand, Hindu societies adhered to their traditional caste systems which placed people into set classes with obvious
status differences between them.
12. Hindu Caste System: strict social hierarchy of Hindu with priest and warriors at the top and untouchables
on bottom
13. In what ways was Anatolia changed by its incorporation into the Islamic
world?: Prior to Islams spread to Anatolia, Anatolia was largely christian and the inhabitants predominantly spoke
Greek. When Anatolia was invaded by Turks alongside India, they assimilated to the Turks Islamic beliefs
As a result the byzantine authority melted away, and by 1500 the population was 90% Muslim and largely Turkic
speaking. And at this point, Anatolia was the heart of the powerful ottoman empire.
14. In what ways did the Islamization of Anatolia take on a Turkish context?: Rather
than Arabic, a Turkic language dominated in the islamization of Anatolia.
Additionally some Sufi religious practiced (ex: ecstatic turning dances) derived from central Asian Turkic shamanism.
Turkish traditions offered a freer more gender equal life for women than traditional Islam
15. How did Islam diffuse (spread) to West Africa?: Muslim traders brought Islam into west
Africa, peacefully integrating Islamic beliefs into pre-existing west African society
16. what was a result of Islams peaceful integration into west Africa?: The more
peaceful integration led to a larger and more voluntary conversion in many of west Africa's urban centers
Ex: Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kanem-bornu
17. How did Islam appeal to West African Merchants?: Islam provided an important link to
Muslim trading partners
18. How did Islam appeal to West African Monarchs and their Courts?: islam offered
a source of literate officials who assisted in state administration as well as religious legislation
19. In what ways did Islam become Africanized?: Many rulers adopted islam but never forced
their subjects to convert in order to maintain social peace
Similarly they didn't govern with islamic law
Women had less modest lives and were given more free will
Many islamic practices still included aspects of the customary african beliefs
20. How did Islam spread to Spain?: A part of spain, referred to as al-andalus by muslims was conquered
in islamic expansion
21. In what ways did early Islamic Spain represent tolerance?: By the tenth century, muslim
spain was a place of harmony and tolerance between muslim rulers and their jewish / christian subjects.
, AP World Study Guide : units 1 and 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_749776
22. What were some outcomes of islamic tolerance in Spain?: The religions meshed
enabling inter-religious marriage, and acceptance of each others values, art and music.
Muslims, christians and jews all contributed to astronomy, medicine, the arts, architecture, and literature
Social relationships between upper class members of different faiths were easy and frequent
23. How did Muslim/Christian relations change after the rule of al-Mansur?: Al
mansuer reinstalled the official policy of tolerance which evolved into one of overt persecution against christians and
included plundering churches, and seizure of their wealth
24. what were some results of Al- Mansurs re installment of the official policy of
tolerance in spain?: Devout muslims now avoided contact with christians
Priests were forbidden the possession of Bibles or crosses and arabized christians were forced to live in designated
areas.
25. What does Strayer argue was the "chief significance of Muslim Spain"?: Its role
in making the rich heritage of islamic learning available to christian europe.
People flocked to islamic spain to acquire better education in philosophy, mathematics, medicine, optics, astronomy,
botany and more
26. Sultanate of Delhi: an islamic empire that stretched over parts of the indian subcontinent for 320 years
27. Sufis: Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals
28. Kabir: Muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam
29. Sikhism: a religion that blended elements of islam, such as devotion to one universal god, with hindu concepts
such as karma and re-birth
30. Timbuktu: Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning
has more than 150 lower level quranic schools and several major centers of higher education with thousands of students
from all over west africa and beyond.
31. What intellectual innovations were achieved under Abbasid Islamic rule?: Ac-
cepted science of Aristotle and Plato
Developed Arabic numerals
Studied algebra, engineering, trigonometry and astrology
Innovation in medicine and optics
Developed germ theory and believed in quarantine
32. Bureaucracy of Merit: Bureaucracy chosen by civil service examinations based on Confucian education
- no longer decided by family lineage
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_749776
1. How and why was Buddhism unpopular when it first arrived in China?: Buddhism
was unpopular when it first arrived in China because its beliefs conflicted with many pre-existing Chinese societal norms
2. How and why did Buddhism become more appealing over time?: Buddhism became
more appealing overtime as a result of the fall of the Han Dynasty. Many citizens stuck in the disarray of the Han dynasties
fall desired the foundation that the Han dynasty provided
3. How and why did Buddhism lose state support in the latter years of the Tang
Dynasty?: Buddhism lost support through the years of the tang dynasty because the rulers saw Buddhism as a
threat to their power and felt as though Buddhism was creating a state within their state, pulling the power from the
main government
4. Pure Land School of Buddhism: A popular form of Buddhism in China that emphasized salvation
through piety accompanied by arduous study or intense meditation. The Pure Land School promised rebirth after death
into a heavenly realm called the Pure Land. (Chinese version of Indian Buddhism)
5. An Lushan Rebellion: the An Lushan Rebellion was a revolt lead by a general of foreign origin that was
aimed at the Tang Dynasty
Those who rebelled felt as though China had been tainted by foreign ideas and beliefs for too long and a resentment
began to grow among the literate class towards people of foreign origin. In short they were xenophobic. Through the
revolt, they aid to overtake China and restore it to the pure state it was prior to foreign influence.
6. confucianism: A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the
way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.
7. daoism: A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.
8. Legalism: Chinese philosophy that responded to wrong doings with harsh punishment in an attempt to deter
further wrong doings from taking place. taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh
laws
9. How did Islam spread to India?: Recently converted Turkish speaking warriors from central Asia
brought Islam to northern India
10. Why was Islam appealing in India and who did it appeal to?: those who were
considered lower class in their religion were attracted to Islam because of its principals of equality and its beliefs that
people are equal and deserve equal opportunity and rights.
Additionally there was incentive to convert because through conversion, people avoided taxes imposed of non-Muslims
11. How and why did the beliefs of Islam clash with Hindu culture?: There was a sharp
cultural divide between Islam and Hinduism. Islam was the most radically monotheistic of the worlds religions while
Hinduism was one of the most prolifically polytheistic religions. Islam stressed equality and the Islamic society was
, AP World Study Guide : units 1 and 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_749776
majorly egalitarian meaning that they believed that everyone should have equal right and equal opportunity. On the
other hand, Hindu societies adhered to their traditional caste systems which placed people into set classes with obvious
status differences between them.
12. Hindu Caste System: strict social hierarchy of Hindu with priest and warriors at the top and untouchables
on bottom
13. In what ways was Anatolia changed by its incorporation into the Islamic
world?: Prior to Islams spread to Anatolia, Anatolia was largely christian and the inhabitants predominantly spoke
Greek. When Anatolia was invaded by Turks alongside India, they assimilated to the Turks Islamic beliefs
As a result the byzantine authority melted away, and by 1500 the population was 90% Muslim and largely Turkic
speaking. And at this point, Anatolia was the heart of the powerful ottoman empire.
14. In what ways did the Islamization of Anatolia take on a Turkish context?: Rather
than Arabic, a Turkic language dominated in the islamization of Anatolia.
Additionally some Sufi religious practiced (ex: ecstatic turning dances) derived from central Asian Turkic shamanism.
Turkish traditions offered a freer more gender equal life for women than traditional Islam
15. How did Islam diffuse (spread) to West Africa?: Muslim traders brought Islam into west
Africa, peacefully integrating Islamic beliefs into pre-existing west African society
16. what was a result of Islams peaceful integration into west Africa?: The more
peaceful integration led to a larger and more voluntary conversion in many of west Africa's urban centers
Ex: Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kanem-bornu
17. How did Islam appeal to West African Merchants?: Islam provided an important link to
Muslim trading partners
18. How did Islam appeal to West African Monarchs and their Courts?: islam offered
a source of literate officials who assisted in state administration as well as religious legislation
19. In what ways did Islam become Africanized?: Many rulers adopted islam but never forced
their subjects to convert in order to maintain social peace
Similarly they didn't govern with islamic law
Women had less modest lives and were given more free will
Many islamic practices still included aspects of the customary african beliefs
20. How did Islam spread to Spain?: A part of spain, referred to as al-andalus by muslims was conquered
in islamic expansion
21. In what ways did early Islamic Spain represent tolerance?: By the tenth century, muslim
spain was a place of harmony and tolerance between muslim rulers and their jewish / christian subjects.
, AP World Study Guide : units 1 and 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_749776
22. What were some outcomes of islamic tolerance in Spain?: The religions meshed
enabling inter-religious marriage, and acceptance of each others values, art and music.
Muslims, christians and jews all contributed to astronomy, medicine, the arts, architecture, and literature
Social relationships between upper class members of different faiths were easy and frequent
23. How did Muslim/Christian relations change after the rule of al-Mansur?: Al
mansuer reinstalled the official policy of tolerance which evolved into one of overt persecution against christians and
included plundering churches, and seizure of their wealth
24. what were some results of Al- Mansurs re installment of the official policy of
tolerance in spain?: Devout muslims now avoided contact with christians
Priests were forbidden the possession of Bibles or crosses and arabized christians were forced to live in designated
areas.
25. What does Strayer argue was the "chief significance of Muslim Spain"?: Its role
in making the rich heritage of islamic learning available to christian europe.
People flocked to islamic spain to acquire better education in philosophy, mathematics, medicine, optics, astronomy,
botany and more
26. Sultanate of Delhi: an islamic empire that stretched over parts of the indian subcontinent for 320 years
27. Sufis: Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals
28. Kabir: Muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam
29. Sikhism: a religion that blended elements of islam, such as devotion to one universal god, with hindu concepts
such as karma and re-birth
30. Timbuktu: Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning
has more than 150 lower level quranic schools and several major centers of higher education with thousands of students
from all over west africa and beyond.
31. What intellectual innovations were achieved under Abbasid Islamic rule?: Ac-
cepted science of Aristotle and Plato
Developed Arabic numerals
Studied algebra, engineering, trigonometry and astrology
Innovation in medicine and optics
Developed germ theory and believed in quarantine
32. Bureaucracy of Merit: Bureaucracy chosen by civil service examinations based on Confucian education
- no longer decided by family lineage
