PSY 225 Final Exam Questions and
Verified Answers 100%
What physical changes are experienced during early childhood? - ✔✔Lose baby roundness,
limbs lengthen, head is large, size increases, muscular and skeletal growth progresses (cartilage
turns to bone, bones harder)
What is enuresis? - ✔✔Repeated urination in clothing or in bed, affects 10-15% of 5 year olds,
more common in boys
What are common causes of nightmares? - ✔✔Staying up too late, eating a heavy meal too
close to bedtime, overexcitement
What are gross motor skills? Give an example. - ✔✔Abilities usually acquired during infancy and
early childhood as part of a child's motor development—jumping and running
At what age are most children ready for organized sports? - ✔✔6 years of age or older
What are fine motor skills? Give an example. - ✔✔The coordination of small muscle movements
which occur in body parts such as the fingers, usually in coordination with the eyes—buttoning
a shirt, drawing pictures
Define symbolic function. - ✔✔Ability to use mental representations (words, numbers, images)
to which a child has attached meaning, helps children remember and think about things that
are not physically present
According to Piaget, what is transduction/transductive reasoning? - ✔✔Transduction: tendency
to mentally link particular phenomena, whether or not there is logically a causal relationship
, By what age can children classify by 2 criteria? - ✔✔Age 4
What is egocentrism? - ✔✔The inability to consider another person's point of view,
characteristics of young children's thought
Define conservation. - ✔✔Awareness that two objects that are equal according to a certain
measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long as nothing had been added to
or taken away from either object—not grasped until next stage of cognitive development
Explain what irreversibility is and how it and children's inability to decenter relate to
conservation. - ✔✔Preoperational child's failure to understand that an operation can go in two
more directions, limits the ability to conserve, children focus on successive states and do not
recognize transformations from one state to the next
What type of communication facilitates children's memory? - ✔✔Facilitated communication
What is social speech? - ✔✔Speech intended to be understood by a listener, more 3 years old
are talk able and pay attention to speech, 4 year olds simplify their language, 5 year olds adapt
what they say
Describe Piaget's beliefs about private speech. - ✔✔Talking aloud to oneself with no intent to
communicate with others—sign of cognitive immaturity
When are children most likely to use private speech? - ✔✔When children are trying to solve
problems or perform difficult tasks
Define emergent literacy. - ✔✔Preschooler's development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes
that underlie reading and writing
Children become active media users at what age? - ✔✔Age 3
Verified Answers 100%
What physical changes are experienced during early childhood? - ✔✔Lose baby roundness,
limbs lengthen, head is large, size increases, muscular and skeletal growth progresses (cartilage
turns to bone, bones harder)
What is enuresis? - ✔✔Repeated urination in clothing or in bed, affects 10-15% of 5 year olds,
more common in boys
What are common causes of nightmares? - ✔✔Staying up too late, eating a heavy meal too
close to bedtime, overexcitement
What are gross motor skills? Give an example. - ✔✔Abilities usually acquired during infancy and
early childhood as part of a child's motor development—jumping and running
At what age are most children ready for organized sports? - ✔✔6 years of age or older
What are fine motor skills? Give an example. - ✔✔The coordination of small muscle movements
which occur in body parts such as the fingers, usually in coordination with the eyes—buttoning
a shirt, drawing pictures
Define symbolic function. - ✔✔Ability to use mental representations (words, numbers, images)
to which a child has attached meaning, helps children remember and think about things that
are not physically present
According to Piaget, what is transduction/transductive reasoning? - ✔✔Transduction: tendency
to mentally link particular phenomena, whether or not there is logically a causal relationship
, By what age can children classify by 2 criteria? - ✔✔Age 4
What is egocentrism? - ✔✔The inability to consider another person's point of view,
characteristics of young children's thought
Define conservation. - ✔✔Awareness that two objects that are equal according to a certain
measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long as nothing had been added to
or taken away from either object—not grasped until next stage of cognitive development
Explain what irreversibility is and how it and children's inability to decenter relate to
conservation. - ✔✔Preoperational child's failure to understand that an operation can go in two
more directions, limits the ability to conserve, children focus on successive states and do not
recognize transformations from one state to the next
What type of communication facilitates children's memory? - ✔✔Facilitated communication
What is social speech? - ✔✔Speech intended to be understood by a listener, more 3 years old
are talk able and pay attention to speech, 4 year olds simplify their language, 5 year olds adapt
what they say
Describe Piaget's beliefs about private speech. - ✔✔Talking aloud to oneself with no intent to
communicate with others—sign of cognitive immaturity
When are children most likely to use private speech? - ✔✔When children are trying to solve
problems or perform difficult tasks
Define emergent literacy. - ✔✔Preschooler's development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes
that underlie reading and writing
Children become active media users at what age? - ✔✔Age 3
