CNIH 170 DENTAL HYGIENE PRINCIPALS QUESTIONS
What are dental stains? - Answer -Stain is a discolored spot or area on the tooth that
contrasts with the rest of the tooth color.
Name the 3 basic ways a stain occurs? - Answer -1-Stain adheres directly to the
surface of the tooth.
2-Stain can be embedded in calculus and plaque depots.
3-stains are incorperated with in the tooth structure.
There are 2 classification of stains. - Answer -1-Extrinsic
2-Intrinsic
What is a Extrinsic stain? - Answer -Stain on surface of the tooth or teeth
Can usually be removed by scaling with hand-activation, ultrasonic instrumentation,
rubber-cup & airpolishing.
What is a Intrinsic stain? - Answer -Stain within the tooth or teeth.
Cannot be removed by scaling or polishing.
What is the 2 classification of a intrinsic stain? - Answer -1-Endogenous
2-Exogenous
Explain endogenous stains: - Answer -Acquired during tooth development within the
tooth from developmental & systemic disturbances
From medications such as tetracycline
Explain exogenous stains: - Answer -Acquired after the tooth has erupted
Originates outside the tooth & are caused by environmental agents
What causative factors can intrinsic stains be? - Answer -Heredity
Developmental due to:
-high fevers
-trauma
-excessive intake of fluoride
-tetracycline
Appearance: moltted or stained appearance to the tooth
Review: - Answer -Extrinsinc stains are always exogenous
Intrinsic stains may originate from exogenous or endogenous sources
Stains are primarily anesthetic problem
, For stains that cannot be removed, there are other treatment options such as
professionnal & at home bleaching procedures enamel microabrassion, cosmetic
restorative procedures
Name all four extrinsic stains: - Answer -1. Grenn stains
2. Black line stains
3. Tobacco stains
4. Yellow stains
Possible causes of stains: - Answer -From bacteria left in the mouth
Smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes
Spit tobacco, marijuana
Chlorhexidine rinse
Tea coffee, cola, berries, red wine
Iron tablets
Poor oral hygiene
What are the methods of extrinsic stain removal? - Answer -Scaling by hand (least
abrasive)
Ultrasonic instrumentation
Rubber cup polishing
Air polishing
What are the adverse effects of coronal polishing? - Answer -Creation of
aerosols/splatter
Creation of bacteremia (bacteria introduced into bloodstream)
Damage to tooth structures
Damage to retorative materials
Setup for fluoride application armamentarium - Answer -1-mouth mirror, 2-cotton pliers,
3- fluoride trays, 4-cotton rolls(6), 5-fluoride gel, 6-air syringe, 7-timer, 8-saliva ejectors,
9-2x2 gauze (for teeth are sensitive), 10- tissues for client confort (dry mouth, face), 11-
2 oz cup
steps for fluoride application - Answer -1- Assemble armamentarium
2-Verify the requirement for the fluroride application
-seat client in upright position
-inform client of level of aries risk and benefits of fluoride
-obtain informed consent
Steps for fluoride application continued (1) - Answer -3-Verify the size of trays
-try trays of appropriate size
-complete dentition must be covered, including areas of recession
-dry trays
Steps for fluoride application continued (2) - Answer -4-Verify the type of fluoride
What are dental stains? - Answer -Stain is a discolored spot or area on the tooth that
contrasts with the rest of the tooth color.
Name the 3 basic ways a stain occurs? - Answer -1-Stain adheres directly to the
surface of the tooth.
2-Stain can be embedded in calculus and plaque depots.
3-stains are incorperated with in the tooth structure.
There are 2 classification of stains. - Answer -1-Extrinsic
2-Intrinsic
What is a Extrinsic stain? - Answer -Stain on surface of the tooth or teeth
Can usually be removed by scaling with hand-activation, ultrasonic instrumentation,
rubber-cup & airpolishing.
What is a Intrinsic stain? - Answer -Stain within the tooth or teeth.
Cannot be removed by scaling or polishing.
What is the 2 classification of a intrinsic stain? - Answer -1-Endogenous
2-Exogenous
Explain endogenous stains: - Answer -Acquired during tooth development within the
tooth from developmental & systemic disturbances
From medications such as tetracycline
Explain exogenous stains: - Answer -Acquired after the tooth has erupted
Originates outside the tooth & are caused by environmental agents
What causative factors can intrinsic stains be? - Answer -Heredity
Developmental due to:
-high fevers
-trauma
-excessive intake of fluoride
-tetracycline
Appearance: moltted or stained appearance to the tooth
Review: - Answer -Extrinsinc stains are always exogenous
Intrinsic stains may originate from exogenous or endogenous sources
Stains are primarily anesthetic problem
, For stains that cannot be removed, there are other treatment options such as
professionnal & at home bleaching procedures enamel microabrassion, cosmetic
restorative procedures
Name all four extrinsic stains: - Answer -1. Grenn stains
2. Black line stains
3. Tobacco stains
4. Yellow stains
Possible causes of stains: - Answer -From bacteria left in the mouth
Smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes
Spit tobacco, marijuana
Chlorhexidine rinse
Tea coffee, cola, berries, red wine
Iron tablets
Poor oral hygiene
What are the methods of extrinsic stain removal? - Answer -Scaling by hand (least
abrasive)
Ultrasonic instrumentation
Rubber cup polishing
Air polishing
What are the adverse effects of coronal polishing? - Answer -Creation of
aerosols/splatter
Creation of bacteremia (bacteria introduced into bloodstream)
Damage to tooth structures
Damage to retorative materials
Setup for fluoride application armamentarium - Answer -1-mouth mirror, 2-cotton pliers,
3- fluoride trays, 4-cotton rolls(6), 5-fluoride gel, 6-air syringe, 7-timer, 8-saliva ejectors,
9-2x2 gauze (for teeth are sensitive), 10- tissues for client confort (dry mouth, face), 11-
2 oz cup
steps for fluoride application - Answer -1- Assemble armamentarium
2-Verify the requirement for the fluroride application
-seat client in upright position
-inform client of level of aries risk and benefits of fluoride
-obtain informed consent
Steps for fluoride application continued (1) - Answer -3-Verify the size of trays
-try trays of appropriate size
-complete dentition must be covered, including areas of recession
-dry trays
Steps for fluoride application continued (2) - Answer -4-Verify the type of fluoride
