VATI PHARM, PHARMACOLOGY 2019 ATI, RN VATI
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
Antitussives: Opioid - CORRECT ANSWERS Codeine (hydrocodone)
Used for non-productive cough
Decreases cough reflex
Side effects: sedation, respiratory depression, GI upset, possible dependency
Change positions slowly, increase fluid and fiber, and avoid alcohol
Expectorants - CORRECT ANSWERS Guaifenesin
"Guaif sounds like cough"
Used for non-productive cough associated with respiratory infections; thins secretions to
enable patient to cough up mucous
Side effects: GI upset, possible rash, drowsiness
Want patient to drink more fluids to help liquefy secretions
Mucolytics - CORRECT ANSWERS Acetylcysteine
Used for pulmonary disorders where there are thick mucous secretions such as in cystic fibrosis;
improves flow of secretions
Also used for acetaminophen toxicity
Side effects: bronchospasm, rash, nausea, vomiting
Use cautiously in patients with asthma
Decongestants - CORRECT ANSWERS Phenylephrine (pseudoephedrine, ephedrine,
naphazoline)
Used for rhinitis
Causes vasoconstriction and decreases mucous in nose
,VATI PHARM, PHARMACOLOGY 2019 ATI, RN VATI
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
Side effects: agitation, nervousness, palpitations, increased heart rate, rebound congestion
Antihistamines - CORRECT ANSWERS 1st gen: diphenhydramine
2nd gen: Loratadine
Used for nasal congestion, mild allergic reactions, and motion sickness
Blocks histamine release which helps reduce mucous secretion
With 2nd gen - less side effects
Side effects with 1st gen: anticholinergic effects and sedation
Nasal glucocorticoids - CORRECT ANSWERS Mometasone (fluticasone, triamcinolone,
budesonide)
Used for rhinitis; decreases inflammation in nasal passages
Side effects: burning, headache, sore throat
Loop diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS Furosemide
Blocks re-absorption of sodium and water at ascending loop of henle causing rapid diuresis.
Used for pulmonary edema, heart failure, and hypertension
Side effects: hypotension, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia, ototoxicity, dehydration and
hypergllycemia
Administered in the morning or during day, not at night
Infuse IV at 20 mg/min
Weigh daily
Monitor I&Os
,VATI PHARM, PHARMACOLOGY 2019 ATI, RN VATI
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
Watch electrolyte labs
Encourage high potassium foods
Thiazide Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS Hydroclorothiazide
Blocks re-absorption of water and sodium at distal convoluted tubule.
Used for Hypertension, edema
side effects: dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
Admin during day, \
Monitor I&Os
Watch electrolyte labs
Encourage high potassium foods
Potassium sparing diuretics
(Aldosterone Antagonist) - CORRECT ANSWERS Spironolactone
Blocks aldosterone promoting excretion of sodium and water ONLY
Used for heart failure, hypertension
Contraindication in severe kidney failure
Side effects: hyperkalemia, issues with menstruation, gynecomastia or impotence in men
Monitor potassium closely and avoid salt substitutes
Osmotic Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS Mannitol
Treats Edema, increased ICP, increased IOP
Contraindicated in intracranial hemorrhage
, VATI PHARM, PHARMACOLOGY 2019 ATI, RN VATI
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
"Oh man I had a bad headache because of increased cranial pressure, but man it all went away
when I took mannitol"
Reduces ICP and IOP by increasing serum osmolality
Side effects: Heart failure, pulmonary edema, renal failure, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
Use filter needle and tubing when admintering
Monitor weight, I&Os, and electrolytes
Angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS Captopril "-pril"s
Blocks conversion on angiotensin one into angiotensin two, which vasodilates
Treats HTN, HF, MI, diabetic retinopathy
Side effects: Angioedema, Cough, Elevated potassium (A.C.E.), rash, hypotension
Closely monitor blood pressure
Change position slowly
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS Losartan "Sartans"
Blocking action of angiotensin II; results in vasodilation
Heart failure, HTN, MI, diabetic retinopathy
Side effects: angioedema, GI upset, hypotension
Direct Renin Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS Aliskiren
Calcium Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS Diltiazem, Nifedipine, Verapamil
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
Antitussives: Opioid - CORRECT ANSWERS Codeine (hydrocodone)
Used for non-productive cough
Decreases cough reflex
Side effects: sedation, respiratory depression, GI upset, possible dependency
Change positions slowly, increase fluid and fiber, and avoid alcohol
Expectorants - CORRECT ANSWERS Guaifenesin
"Guaif sounds like cough"
Used for non-productive cough associated with respiratory infections; thins secretions to
enable patient to cough up mucous
Side effects: GI upset, possible rash, drowsiness
Want patient to drink more fluids to help liquefy secretions
Mucolytics - CORRECT ANSWERS Acetylcysteine
Used for pulmonary disorders where there are thick mucous secretions such as in cystic fibrosis;
improves flow of secretions
Also used for acetaminophen toxicity
Side effects: bronchospasm, rash, nausea, vomiting
Use cautiously in patients with asthma
Decongestants - CORRECT ANSWERS Phenylephrine (pseudoephedrine, ephedrine,
naphazoline)
Used for rhinitis
Causes vasoconstriction and decreases mucous in nose
,VATI PHARM, PHARMACOLOGY 2019 ATI, RN VATI
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
Side effects: agitation, nervousness, palpitations, increased heart rate, rebound congestion
Antihistamines - CORRECT ANSWERS 1st gen: diphenhydramine
2nd gen: Loratadine
Used for nasal congestion, mild allergic reactions, and motion sickness
Blocks histamine release which helps reduce mucous secretion
With 2nd gen - less side effects
Side effects with 1st gen: anticholinergic effects and sedation
Nasal glucocorticoids - CORRECT ANSWERS Mometasone (fluticasone, triamcinolone,
budesonide)
Used for rhinitis; decreases inflammation in nasal passages
Side effects: burning, headache, sore throat
Loop diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS Furosemide
Blocks re-absorption of sodium and water at ascending loop of henle causing rapid diuresis.
Used for pulmonary edema, heart failure, and hypertension
Side effects: hypotension, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia, ototoxicity, dehydration and
hypergllycemia
Administered in the morning or during day, not at night
Infuse IV at 20 mg/min
Weigh daily
Monitor I&Os
,VATI PHARM, PHARMACOLOGY 2019 ATI, RN VATI
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
Watch electrolyte labs
Encourage high potassium foods
Thiazide Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS Hydroclorothiazide
Blocks re-absorption of water and sodium at distal convoluted tubule.
Used for Hypertension, edema
side effects: dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
Admin during day, \
Monitor I&Os
Watch electrolyte labs
Encourage high potassium foods
Potassium sparing diuretics
(Aldosterone Antagonist) - CORRECT ANSWERS Spironolactone
Blocks aldosterone promoting excretion of sodium and water ONLY
Used for heart failure, hypertension
Contraindication in severe kidney failure
Side effects: hyperkalemia, issues with menstruation, gynecomastia or impotence in men
Monitor potassium closely and avoid salt substitutes
Osmotic Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWERS Mannitol
Treats Edema, increased ICP, increased IOP
Contraindicated in intracranial hemorrhage
, VATI PHARM, PHARMACOLOGY 2019 ATI, RN VATI
PHARMACOLOGY 2019, PHARMACOLOGY ATI PROCTORED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025/2026 A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT DETAILED RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS
"Oh man I had a bad headache because of increased cranial pressure, but man it all went away
when I took mannitol"
Reduces ICP and IOP by increasing serum osmolality
Side effects: Heart failure, pulmonary edema, renal failure, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
Use filter needle and tubing when admintering
Monitor weight, I&Os, and electrolytes
Angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS Captopril "-pril"s
Blocks conversion on angiotensin one into angiotensin two, which vasodilates
Treats HTN, HF, MI, diabetic retinopathy
Side effects: Angioedema, Cough, Elevated potassium (A.C.E.), rash, hypotension
Closely monitor blood pressure
Change position slowly
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS Losartan "Sartans"
Blocking action of angiotensin II; results in vasodilation
Heart failure, HTN, MI, diabetic retinopathy
Side effects: angioedema, GI upset, hypotension
Direct Renin Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS Aliskiren
Calcium Channel Blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS Diltiazem, Nifedipine, Verapamil
