NUR378 EXAM 1 AND EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 NEW UPDATE
How can nonpharmacologic treatments affect pharmacologic treatments? --
ANSWER--Nondrug measures can help promote therapeutic effects and should
be included in the plan of care.
How does medication compliance affect therapeutic effects of medications? --
ANSWER--Adherence is essential to achieve therapeutic objective of a drug.
What are the 10 rights of medication administration? -- ANSWER--Right client
Right medication
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right documentation
Right client education
Right to refuse
Right assessment
Right evaluation
Page 1 of 35
,Why is it important to teach patients the generic name of their medication? --
ANSWER---each drug has only one generic name.
- they are less complex than the chemical name - the generic name indicates the
drug's pharmacological action
What is the route of administration of a medication for the fastest onset of
action? -- ANSWER--IV
What is an antagonist and its role in receptor activation? -- ANSWER-
molecules that prevent receptor activation
What is the concept of synergistic effects of mediations and why is this
important? -- ANSWER--An interaction between two or more drugs that causes
the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the individual effects
of each drug. Can be helpful or harmful.
What is the usual time frame to wait before eating when taking a medication on
an empty stomach? After eating? -- ANSWER--1 hour before a meal or 2 hours
after a meal
Describe the principles of pharmacodynamics. -- ANSWER--
Pharmacodynamics is: the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of
drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are
produced.
Page 2 of 35
,1: Dose-response relationship
Size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced.
2: Drug-receptor interactions
Because most drugs work at the receptor level to alter the physiological function
and produce its effects.
3: therapeutic index:
Lower the index = less amount of the drug needed before it is lethal.
What are the priorities of the nurse after administering new medications to a
patient? -- ANSWER--- Evaluate clients' response to medications
- Use knowledge of therapeutic effect and common adverse effects to
compare expected outcomes with actual findings
- Identify adverse effects
- Notify provider of all errors, and implement corrective measures
immediately
What is the nurse's responsibilities before administering any medication? --
ANSWER--- Knowledge about the medication being administered
- Obtaining information regarding medical diagnosis and conditions that
might affect medication administration
- Obtain necessary preadmission data
- Determine whether the medication prescription is complete
- Identify client outcomes for medication administration
Page 3 of 35
, - Set priorities
What are the effects of kidney disease on drugs excreted by the kidneys? --
ANSWER--Kidney disease can reduce drug excretion causing drugs to
accumulate in the body.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of medications? -- ANSWER-
Advantages: medications have a therapeutic objective which is to provide
maximum benefit with minimal harm.
Disadvantages: unwanted side effects, drug-drug/food interactions, narrow
therapeutic index, toxicity, paradoxical effect, idiosyncratic effect, allergic
reaction, teratogenicity, and iatrogenic disease.
What are the liver function tests to check prior to giving a hepatotoxic
medication? -- ANSWER--AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine
aminotransferase), AP (alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin.
What are the common causes of medication errors? -- ANSWER--Human
factors, communication mistakes, and name confusion
How does a patient with CYP2C9 variant metabolize warfarin? -- ANSWER-
The variant causes Warfarin to be metabolized slowly and accumulate in the
body to a dangerous level. = TOXICITY
Page 4 of 35
AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 NEW UPDATE
How can nonpharmacologic treatments affect pharmacologic treatments? --
ANSWER--Nondrug measures can help promote therapeutic effects and should
be included in the plan of care.
How does medication compliance affect therapeutic effects of medications? --
ANSWER--Adherence is essential to achieve therapeutic objective of a drug.
What are the 10 rights of medication administration? -- ANSWER--Right client
Right medication
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right documentation
Right client education
Right to refuse
Right assessment
Right evaluation
Page 1 of 35
,Why is it important to teach patients the generic name of their medication? --
ANSWER---each drug has only one generic name.
- they are less complex than the chemical name - the generic name indicates the
drug's pharmacological action
What is the route of administration of a medication for the fastest onset of
action? -- ANSWER--IV
What is an antagonist and its role in receptor activation? -- ANSWER-
molecules that prevent receptor activation
What is the concept of synergistic effects of mediations and why is this
important? -- ANSWER--An interaction between two or more drugs that causes
the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the individual effects
of each drug. Can be helpful or harmful.
What is the usual time frame to wait before eating when taking a medication on
an empty stomach? After eating? -- ANSWER--1 hour before a meal or 2 hours
after a meal
Describe the principles of pharmacodynamics. -- ANSWER--
Pharmacodynamics is: the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of
drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are
produced.
Page 2 of 35
,1: Dose-response relationship
Size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced.
2: Drug-receptor interactions
Because most drugs work at the receptor level to alter the physiological function
and produce its effects.
3: therapeutic index:
Lower the index = less amount of the drug needed before it is lethal.
What are the priorities of the nurse after administering new medications to a
patient? -- ANSWER--- Evaluate clients' response to medications
- Use knowledge of therapeutic effect and common adverse effects to
compare expected outcomes with actual findings
- Identify adverse effects
- Notify provider of all errors, and implement corrective measures
immediately
What is the nurse's responsibilities before administering any medication? --
ANSWER--- Knowledge about the medication being administered
- Obtaining information regarding medical diagnosis and conditions that
might affect medication administration
- Obtain necessary preadmission data
- Determine whether the medication prescription is complete
- Identify client outcomes for medication administration
Page 3 of 35
, - Set priorities
What are the effects of kidney disease on drugs excreted by the kidneys? --
ANSWER--Kidney disease can reduce drug excretion causing drugs to
accumulate in the body.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of medications? -- ANSWER-
Advantages: medications have a therapeutic objective which is to provide
maximum benefit with minimal harm.
Disadvantages: unwanted side effects, drug-drug/food interactions, narrow
therapeutic index, toxicity, paradoxical effect, idiosyncratic effect, allergic
reaction, teratogenicity, and iatrogenic disease.
What are the liver function tests to check prior to giving a hepatotoxic
medication? -- ANSWER--AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine
aminotransferase), AP (alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin.
What are the common causes of medication errors? -- ANSWER--Human
factors, communication mistakes, and name confusion
How does a patient with CYP2C9 variant metabolize warfarin? -- ANSWER-
The variant causes Warfarin to be metabolized slowly and accumulate in the
body to a dangerous level. = TOXICITY
Page 4 of 35
