NSG 530 EXAM 3 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 LATEST
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.
What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis --CORRECT ANSWER--Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding
this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. --CORRECT ANSWER--The exact mechanism of
immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain.
Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
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,D) Minimal change nephropathy --CORRECT ANSWER--Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli --CORRECT ANSWER--Fusion of the glomerular foot
processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. --CORRECT ANSWER--acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts --CORRECT ANSWER--Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
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,C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis --CORRECT ANSWER--Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea --CORRECT ANSWER--Thelarche
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir --CORRECT ANSWER--B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition
is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma --CORRECT ANSWER--A) Spinal cord injury
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, Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. --CORRECT ANSWER--B) Symptoms
include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine.
What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause
such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria --CORRECT ANSWER--B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella --CORRECT ANSWER--C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 LATEST
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.
What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis --CORRECT ANSWER--Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding
this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. --CORRECT ANSWER--The exact mechanism of
immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain.
Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
Page 1 of 88
,D) Minimal change nephropathy --CORRECT ANSWER--Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli --CORRECT ANSWER--Fusion of the glomerular foot
processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. --CORRECT ANSWER--acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts --CORRECT ANSWER--Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
Page 2 of 88
,C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis --CORRECT ANSWER--Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea --CORRECT ANSWER--Thelarche
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir --CORRECT ANSWER--B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition
is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma --CORRECT ANSWER--A) Spinal cord injury
Page 3 of 88
, Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. --CORRECT ANSWER--B) Symptoms
include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine.
What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause
such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria --CORRECT ANSWER--B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella --CORRECT ANSWER--C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
Page 4 of 88
