MIC 401 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED
Mycobacterium characteristics - ANSWER -obligate aerobes
-non-motile
-slow growth rate
-mycolic acid layer
M. tuberculosis - ANSWER causes tuberculosis, can be acute or chronic, transmitted by
infectious aerosols
pulmonary tuberculosis infection - ANSWER -inhalation
-phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages
-inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion
-bacterial growth within macrophages
-macrophage burst to release more bacteria
granuloma - ANSWER bacteria and infected macrophages surrounded by healthy
immune cells
caseous necrosis - ANSWER degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like
appearance
ghon focus - ANSWER nodules formed and contained in the lungs
Ghon complex - ANSWER Ghon focus and the additional granulomas that develop
through the lymph channels (typically lower lobes of lungs)
latent tuberculosis - ANSWER -most common form
-infected, but not contagious
-do not feel sick
-normal chest x-ray and sputum test
-risk groups: young, old, immunocompromised
active tuberculosis - ANSWER granuloma ruptures, coughing can be infectious, high
mortality if untreated
,Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis - ANSWER infection spreads outside of the lungs, see in
immunocompromised and children
Miliary TB - ANSWER 20% of extrapulmonary cases, speckled lung, high mortality
Multi-drug resistant TB - ANSWER resistant to at least one commonly used antibiotic
extensively-drug resistant TB - ANSWER resistant to isoniazid and rifampin and most
alternative drugs
-requires 2 years of treatment
BCG vaccine - ANSWER treatment for TB, but lots of variability based on geopgraphic
region
M. avium - ANSWER -similar to TB
-swelling of neck lymph node in kids
-can usually clear infection on own
-AIDS patients are high risk
M. leprae - ANSWER causes leprosy
-low pathogenicity
-difficult to grow (armadillo foot pads)
-we see genome reduction
leprosy - ANSWER Granulomatous disease of peripheral nerves and mucosa of upper
respiratory tract
-invades Schwann cells of PNS
Tuberculoid leprosy - ANSWER -paucibacillary form
-Th1 mediated response: cytotoxic T cells
-localized infection
-self-limiting
Lepromatous leprosy - ANSWER -multibacillary form
-Th2 mediated response: humoral B cells
-associated with disfigurement
-irreversible peripheral damage
, leprosy risk factors - ANSWER -immunocompromised
-malnourished
Mycoplasma characteristics - ANSWER -small, simplest self-replicating bacteria
-surface parasites
-lack biosynthetic abilities
-pleomorphic
-no cell well
-fried egg colony appearance
M. pneumoniae - ANSWER causes primary atypical pneumonia
-transmitted by aerosol droplets
-typically self resolves
M. pneumonia infection - ANSWER -inhalation
-P1 protein binds sialic acid receptor
-tight adherence
-replication and colonization
causes cilliostasis
M. pneumoniae risk factors - ANSWER -children and young adults
-crowded conditions
-summer and fall
M. pneumoniae immune response - ANSWER requires specific antibody production of
IgM followed by IgG
Tetrazolium reduction test - ANSWER if compound is present, test is positive for M.
pneumoinae
cold agglutination test - ANSWER expose RBC to cold temp and look for clumping, this is
linked to mycoplasma infection
100% VERIFIED
Mycobacterium characteristics - ANSWER -obligate aerobes
-non-motile
-slow growth rate
-mycolic acid layer
M. tuberculosis - ANSWER causes tuberculosis, can be acute or chronic, transmitted by
infectious aerosols
pulmonary tuberculosis infection - ANSWER -inhalation
-phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages
-inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion
-bacterial growth within macrophages
-macrophage burst to release more bacteria
granuloma - ANSWER bacteria and infected macrophages surrounded by healthy
immune cells
caseous necrosis - ANSWER degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like
appearance
ghon focus - ANSWER nodules formed and contained in the lungs
Ghon complex - ANSWER Ghon focus and the additional granulomas that develop
through the lymph channels (typically lower lobes of lungs)
latent tuberculosis - ANSWER -most common form
-infected, but not contagious
-do not feel sick
-normal chest x-ray and sputum test
-risk groups: young, old, immunocompromised
active tuberculosis - ANSWER granuloma ruptures, coughing can be infectious, high
mortality if untreated
,Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis - ANSWER infection spreads outside of the lungs, see in
immunocompromised and children
Miliary TB - ANSWER 20% of extrapulmonary cases, speckled lung, high mortality
Multi-drug resistant TB - ANSWER resistant to at least one commonly used antibiotic
extensively-drug resistant TB - ANSWER resistant to isoniazid and rifampin and most
alternative drugs
-requires 2 years of treatment
BCG vaccine - ANSWER treatment for TB, but lots of variability based on geopgraphic
region
M. avium - ANSWER -similar to TB
-swelling of neck lymph node in kids
-can usually clear infection on own
-AIDS patients are high risk
M. leprae - ANSWER causes leprosy
-low pathogenicity
-difficult to grow (armadillo foot pads)
-we see genome reduction
leprosy - ANSWER Granulomatous disease of peripheral nerves and mucosa of upper
respiratory tract
-invades Schwann cells of PNS
Tuberculoid leprosy - ANSWER -paucibacillary form
-Th1 mediated response: cytotoxic T cells
-localized infection
-self-limiting
Lepromatous leprosy - ANSWER -multibacillary form
-Th2 mediated response: humoral B cells
-associated with disfigurement
-irreversible peripheral damage
, leprosy risk factors - ANSWER -immunocompromised
-malnourished
Mycoplasma characteristics - ANSWER -small, simplest self-replicating bacteria
-surface parasites
-lack biosynthetic abilities
-pleomorphic
-no cell well
-fried egg colony appearance
M. pneumoniae - ANSWER causes primary atypical pneumonia
-transmitted by aerosol droplets
-typically self resolves
M. pneumonia infection - ANSWER -inhalation
-P1 protein binds sialic acid receptor
-tight adherence
-replication and colonization
causes cilliostasis
M. pneumoniae risk factors - ANSWER -children and young adults
-crowded conditions
-summer and fall
M. pneumoniae immune response - ANSWER requires specific antibody production of
IgM followed by IgG
Tetrazolium reduction test - ANSWER if compound is present, test is positive for M.
pneumoinae
cold agglutination test - ANSWER expose RBC to cold temp and look for clumping, this is
linked to mycoplasma infection
