NSG 300 TOPIC 13: PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICATION
ADMINISTRATION, AND SAFETY OVERVIEW
Pure Food and Drug Act
This law simply requires all medications to be free of impure products.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
a federal agency that enforces medication laws to ensure that all medications on the
market undergo vigorous testing before they are sold to the public.
MedWatch Program
This voluntary program encourages nurses and other health care professionals to
use the MedWatch form to report when a medication, product, or medical event
causes serious harm to a patient.
chemical medication name
provides the exact description of medication's composition
ex: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
generic medication name
the manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name, and it is then listed
in the U.S. Pharmacopeia
ex: acetaminophen
trade medication name
also known as brand or proprietary name. This is the name under which a
manufacturer markets the medication.
ex: Tylenol
Pharmacokinetics
the study of drug movement throughout the body
Four processes of pharmacokinetics
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
For medications to be therapeutic, they must be...
,taken into a patient's body; be absorbed and distributed to cells, tissues, or a
specific organ; and alter physiological functions.
absorption
Passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration
Factors that influence absorption
- Route of administration
- Ability of the medication to dissolve
- Blood flow to the site of administration
- Body surface area
- Lipid solubility
absorption of applying medication to the skin and through the GI is usually.
slow
what medication administration has the fastest absorption rate
IV
The richer the blood supply to the site of administration, the...
faster a medication is absorbed.
distribution
occurs within the body to carry medication to tissues, organs, and specific sites of
action.
distribution depends on
Physical and chemical properties of the medication
Physiology of the person taking it
-Circulation
-Membrane permeability
-Protein binding
Metabolism (biotransformation)
The biochemical process that alters a drug from an active form to a form that is
inactive or that can be eliminated from the body.
, excretion
the process by which wastes are removed from the body
medications exit the body through...
kidney, liver, bowel, lungs, exocrine glands
what is the main organ for excretion
kidneys
Which type of medications are excreted through the lungs?
Anesthetic gases, alcohol
Why should certain medications not be taken during pregnancy?
Some may pass through the placental barrier or mammary glands.
Biotransformation happens where?
liver
The exocrine glands excrete
lipid soluble medications
therapeutic effect
Expected or predicted physiological response
adverse effect
Unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable
side effect
Predictable, unavoidable secondary effect
toxic effect
Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream
idiosyncratic reaction
Over-reaction or under-reaction or different reaction from normal
ADMINISTRATION, AND SAFETY OVERVIEW
Pure Food and Drug Act
This law simply requires all medications to be free of impure products.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
a federal agency that enforces medication laws to ensure that all medications on the
market undergo vigorous testing before they are sold to the public.
MedWatch Program
This voluntary program encourages nurses and other health care professionals to
use the MedWatch form to report when a medication, product, or medical event
causes serious harm to a patient.
chemical medication name
provides the exact description of medication's composition
ex: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
generic medication name
the manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name, and it is then listed
in the U.S. Pharmacopeia
ex: acetaminophen
trade medication name
also known as brand or proprietary name. This is the name under which a
manufacturer markets the medication.
ex: Tylenol
Pharmacokinetics
the study of drug movement throughout the body
Four processes of pharmacokinetics
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
For medications to be therapeutic, they must be...
,taken into a patient's body; be absorbed and distributed to cells, tissues, or a
specific organ; and alter physiological functions.
absorption
Passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration
Factors that influence absorption
- Route of administration
- Ability of the medication to dissolve
- Blood flow to the site of administration
- Body surface area
- Lipid solubility
absorption of applying medication to the skin and through the GI is usually.
slow
what medication administration has the fastest absorption rate
IV
The richer the blood supply to the site of administration, the...
faster a medication is absorbed.
distribution
occurs within the body to carry medication to tissues, organs, and specific sites of
action.
distribution depends on
Physical and chemical properties of the medication
Physiology of the person taking it
-Circulation
-Membrane permeability
-Protein binding
Metabolism (biotransformation)
The biochemical process that alters a drug from an active form to a form that is
inactive or that can be eliminated from the body.
, excretion
the process by which wastes are removed from the body
medications exit the body through...
kidney, liver, bowel, lungs, exocrine glands
what is the main organ for excretion
kidneys
Which type of medications are excreted through the lungs?
Anesthetic gases, alcohol
Why should certain medications not be taken during pregnancy?
Some may pass through the placental barrier or mammary glands.
Biotransformation happens where?
liver
The exocrine glands excrete
lipid soluble medications
therapeutic effect
Expected or predicted physiological response
adverse effect
Unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable
side effect
Predictable, unavoidable secondary effect
toxic effect
Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream
idiosyncratic reaction
Over-reaction or under-reaction or different reaction from normal
