Pharmacology Exam 2 (Herzing
University) With Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
Antibiotic - Answer A chemical that is produced by one microbe and has the ability to harm
other microbes. Only those compounds that are actually made by microorganisms qualify as
__________.
Antimicrobials - Answer Any agent, natural or synthetic, that has the ability to kill or suppress
microorganisms.
Antibiotics and Antimicrobials - Answer These two terms are used interchangeably.
Bactericidal - Answer Drugs that are lethal to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations.
Bacteriostatic - Answer Drugs that slow the growth or suppress the duplication of bacteria, but
does not kill the bacteria.
Selective Toxicity - Answer The ability of a drug to injure a target cell or target organism
without injuring other cells or organism that are in intimate contact with the target.
Antibacterials, Antivirals, and Antifungals - Answer What are the three main categories of
antimicrobial drugs?
An antibiotic must be present at the site of injection in an effective concentration for a sufficient
time. - Answer What is required of an antibiotic for success in treatment?
4 to 8 - Answer Drug levels ____ times the MIC are often desirable dosages for treatment of
infections with antimicrobials.
The status of the host defenses, the site of infection, and the identity of the infecting organism -
Answer What are the variables that will determine the duration of treatment with
antimicrobials?
, No. The patient should not discontinue her medication, because she will be at risk of an
reoccurring infection and antibiotic resistance. - Answer Patient Izzy Stevens has been
prescribed 14 tablets of an antibiotic for an infection for 7 days. After day four she notices that
her symptoms have subsided. Should Ms. Stevens discontinue her medication? Why or why
not?
Additive, potentiative, and antagonistic - Answer What responses or interactions may occur
due to antibiotic combinations?
Additive - Answer A response in which the antimicrobial effect of the combination is equal to
the sum of the effects of the two drugs alone.
Potentiative - Answer An interaction in which the effects of the combination is greater than
the sum of the effects of the individual agents.
Antagonistic - Answer A combination of two antibiotics who effects is less than the one of the
agents by itself.
Initial therapy of a sever infection of unknown etiology - Answer What is the most common
indication for using multiple antibiotics?
Preventing resistance, decreased toxicity, and enhanced antibacterial action - Answer Other
than initial therapy of a severe unknown reaction, what are the reasons for using antibiotic
combinations?
Increased risk of toxic and allergic reactions, possible antagonisms of antimicrobial effects,
increased risk of superinfections, selection of drug-resistant bacteria, and increased cost -
Answer What are the disadvantages of antibiotic combinations?
30% to 50% - Answer What percentage of antibiotics in the United States are administered for
prophylaxis (to prevent an infection rather than to treat one)?
Surgery
Bacterial endocarditis
Neutropenia
Recurrent urinary tract infection
University) With Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
Antibiotic - Answer A chemical that is produced by one microbe and has the ability to harm
other microbes. Only those compounds that are actually made by microorganisms qualify as
__________.
Antimicrobials - Answer Any agent, natural or synthetic, that has the ability to kill or suppress
microorganisms.
Antibiotics and Antimicrobials - Answer These two terms are used interchangeably.
Bactericidal - Answer Drugs that are lethal to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations.
Bacteriostatic - Answer Drugs that slow the growth or suppress the duplication of bacteria, but
does not kill the bacteria.
Selective Toxicity - Answer The ability of a drug to injure a target cell or target organism
without injuring other cells or organism that are in intimate contact with the target.
Antibacterials, Antivirals, and Antifungals - Answer What are the three main categories of
antimicrobial drugs?
An antibiotic must be present at the site of injection in an effective concentration for a sufficient
time. - Answer What is required of an antibiotic for success in treatment?
4 to 8 - Answer Drug levels ____ times the MIC are often desirable dosages for treatment of
infections with antimicrobials.
The status of the host defenses, the site of infection, and the identity of the infecting organism -
Answer What are the variables that will determine the duration of treatment with
antimicrobials?
, No. The patient should not discontinue her medication, because she will be at risk of an
reoccurring infection and antibiotic resistance. - Answer Patient Izzy Stevens has been
prescribed 14 tablets of an antibiotic for an infection for 7 days. After day four she notices that
her symptoms have subsided. Should Ms. Stevens discontinue her medication? Why or why
not?
Additive, potentiative, and antagonistic - Answer What responses or interactions may occur
due to antibiotic combinations?
Additive - Answer A response in which the antimicrobial effect of the combination is equal to
the sum of the effects of the two drugs alone.
Potentiative - Answer An interaction in which the effects of the combination is greater than
the sum of the effects of the individual agents.
Antagonistic - Answer A combination of two antibiotics who effects is less than the one of the
agents by itself.
Initial therapy of a sever infection of unknown etiology - Answer What is the most common
indication for using multiple antibiotics?
Preventing resistance, decreased toxicity, and enhanced antibacterial action - Answer Other
than initial therapy of a severe unknown reaction, what are the reasons for using antibiotic
combinations?
Increased risk of toxic and allergic reactions, possible antagonisms of antimicrobial effects,
increased risk of superinfections, selection of drug-resistant bacteria, and increased cost -
Answer What are the disadvantages of antibiotic combinations?
30% to 50% - Answer What percentage of antibiotics in the United States are administered for
prophylaxis (to prevent an infection rather than to treat one)?
Surgery
Bacterial endocarditis
Neutropenia
Recurrent urinary tract infection
