BIMM 120 Midterm 1 questions n
answers rated A+ updated
Microbiology - correct answer ✔✔ from Greek (micro = small & bios = life), studies
microorganisms
microorganisms - correct answer ✔✔ organisms that cannot be seen clearly by the naked eye,
are generally 1 mm or less in diameter, often unicellular, and, if multicellular, lack differentiated
tissues
- include bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and prions
large pandemics. caused by microorganisms - correct answer ✔✔ - The Black Death, El Prado
Museum, Madrid
- The "Great Pandemic", 1918
- COVID-19
Human Microbiome - correct answer ✔✔ Human microbiome consists of bacteria, archaea,
fungi, and viruses present in our body and that makes us who we are
Bacteria run the show - correct answer ✔✔ - 1 drop of sea water 50 µl = 50,000
- 500 ml sea water ~Medium coffee size = 500,000,000
- human = 100,000,000,000,000
- earth = 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
viruses - correct answer ✔✔ - are everywhere
,• Only a small amount is pathogenic
- viruses can infect all 3 domains of life
- If there are 5 X 1030 bacteria on this planet, then there are 5 X 1031 viruses
three domains of life - correct answer ✔✔ Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
marcoorganisms - correct answer ✔✔ what we can see with the human eye, plants, animals,
fungi
origin of life - correct answer ✔✔ LUCA= Last Universal Common Ancestor
mircoorganisms as early cellular life - correct answer ✔✔ This discovery sets the establishment
of early cellular life near submarine hydrothermal vents before 3,77 billion years ago and
possibly as early as 4,28 billion years ago.
Microbial Evolution - correct answer ✔✔ Evolution is the change in allele frequencies in a
population over time
Why does it occur so quickly in prokaryotes? Why do we have so many bacterial phyla? - correct
answer ✔✔ - they are asexual
- mutation rate is high
- ploidy = n
Positive selection - correct answer ✔✔ The process by which new, advantageous mutations
spread in a population and are therefore able to improve fitness.
positive selection: sweep - correct answer ✔✔ process through which a new beneficial
mutation that increases its frequency and becomes fixed (i.e., reaches a frequency of 1) in the
, population leads to the reduction or elimination of genetic variation among nucleotide
sequences that are near the mutation
genetic drift - correct answer ✔✔ - Evolutionary divergence of population due to random events
causes evolutionary divergence of populations due to random processes and is independent of
selection
Genetic Drift: Bottleneck - correct answer ✔✔ a sharp reduction in the size of the population
due to environmental events (earthquakes, floods, etc)
genetic drift: founder effect - correct answer ✔✔ occurs when a few individuals become
isolated from a larger population; can affect allele frequencies in a population
- Newly founded populations don't always represent the genetic diversity in the sources.
MRSA Case Study set up - correct answer ✔✔ An immune compromised patient had a MRSA
infection He was treated with linezolid, an antibiotic
• He was treated with linezolid, an antibiotic
• After 12 weeks a new mutant was isolated from the patient
- over time the MRSA became resistant to the antiboitics
MRSA - correct answer ✔✔ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection
what did the MRSA case study show - correct answer ✔✔ Selective pressure
What ingredients/tools do we need to culture bacteria in the lab? - correct answer ✔✔ • Liquid
media
answers rated A+ updated
Microbiology - correct answer ✔✔ from Greek (micro = small & bios = life), studies
microorganisms
microorganisms - correct answer ✔✔ organisms that cannot be seen clearly by the naked eye,
are generally 1 mm or less in diameter, often unicellular, and, if multicellular, lack differentiated
tissues
- include bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and prions
large pandemics. caused by microorganisms - correct answer ✔✔ - The Black Death, El Prado
Museum, Madrid
- The "Great Pandemic", 1918
- COVID-19
Human Microbiome - correct answer ✔✔ Human microbiome consists of bacteria, archaea,
fungi, and viruses present in our body and that makes us who we are
Bacteria run the show - correct answer ✔✔ - 1 drop of sea water 50 µl = 50,000
- 500 ml sea water ~Medium coffee size = 500,000,000
- human = 100,000,000,000,000
- earth = 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
viruses - correct answer ✔✔ - are everywhere
,• Only a small amount is pathogenic
- viruses can infect all 3 domains of life
- If there are 5 X 1030 bacteria on this planet, then there are 5 X 1031 viruses
three domains of life - correct answer ✔✔ Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
marcoorganisms - correct answer ✔✔ what we can see with the human eye, plants, animals,
fungi
origin of life - correct answer ✔✔ LUCA= Last Universal Common Ancestor
mircoorganisms as early cellular life - correct answer ✔✔ This discovery sets the establishment
of early cellular life near submarine hydrothermal vents before 3,77 billion years ago and
possibly as early as 4,28 billion years ago.
Microbial Evolution - correct answer ✔✔ Evolution is the change in allele frequencies in a
population over time
Why does it occur so quickly in prokaryotes? Why do we have so many bacterial phyla? - correct
answer ✔✔ - they are asexual
- mutation rate is high
- ploidy = n
Positive selection - correct answer ✔✔ The process by which new, advantageous mutations
spread in a population and are therefore able to improve fitness.
positive selection: sweep - correct answer ✔✔ process through which a new beneficial
mutation that increases its frequency and becomes fixed (i.e., reaches a frequency of 1) in the
, population leads to the reduction or elimination of genetic variation among nucleotide
sequences that are near the mutation
genetic drift - correct answer ✔✔ - Evolutionary divergence of population due to random events
causes evolutionary divergence of populations due to random processes and is independent of
selection
Genetic Drift: Bottleneck - correct answer ✔✔ a sharp reduction in the size of the population
due to environmental events (earthquakes, floods, etc)
genetic drift: founder effect - correct answer ✔✔ occurs when a few individuals become
isolated from a larger population; can affect allele frequencies in a population
- Newly founded populations don't always represent the genetic diversity in the sources.
MRSA Case Study set up - correct answer ✔✔ An immune compromised patient had a MRSA
infection He was treated with linezolid, an antibiotic
• He was treated with linezolid, an antibiotic
• After 12 weeks a new mutant was isolated from the patient
- over time the MRSA became resistant to the antiboitics
MRSA - correct answer ✔✔ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection
what did the MRSA case study show - correct answer ✔✔ Selective pressure
What ingredients/tools do we need to culture bacteria in the lab? - correct answer ✔✔ • Liquid
media
